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Optimization of the esterification process of crude jatropha oil (CJO) containing high levels of free fatty acids: a Malaysian case study

Biodiesel as an alternative fuel is one of the best choices among other sources due to its immense potential to reduce pollutant emissions when used in compression ignition engines. Malaysia is considered one of the top biodiesel-producing countries. The main crop for biodiesel production is current...

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Main Authors: Farouk, H., Zahraee, S. M., Atabani, A. E., Mohd. Jaafar, M. N., Alhassan, F. H.
Format: Article
Published: Taylor and Francis Ltd. 2017
Subjects:
TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery
Online Access:http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/77176/
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85035805775&doi=10.1080%2f17597269.2017.1387749&partnerID=40&md5=86a011dde8591eeea4b3dec5eff155e5
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spelling my.utm.771762018-05-31T09:50:30Z http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/77176/ Optimization of the esterification process of crude jatropha oil (CJO) containing high levels of free fatty acids: a Malaysian case study Farouk, H. Zahraee, S. M. Atabani, A. E. Mohd. Jaafar, M. N. Alhassan, F. H. TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery Biodiesel as an alternative fuel is one of the best choices among other sources due to its immense potential to reduce pollutant emissions when used in compression ignition engines. Malaysia is considered one of the top biodiesel-producing countries. The main crop for biodiesel production is currently palm oil. However, Jatropha curcas has recently drawn the attention of the Malaysian government as an alternate species for producing high yields of oil. While an evaluation of biodiesel production, blending, engine performance and emissions characteristics of Malaysian-produced jatropha methyl ester has been made recently, few studies have optimized the esterification of the crude oil. This paper is the study of an optimization process for Malaysian CJO using an acid-catalyst pretreatment process to reduce the relatively high free fatty acid (FFA) percentages of crude jatropha oil to below 1% using design of experiments and response surface methodology, with the help of Minitab software. The main findings of the current investigation are that using the acid catalyst H2SO4 at 0.225% (v/v), an MeOH-to-oil ratio of 12.29% (w/w) and a reaction time of 149.76 min are the optimum process parameters for the esterification reaction. Taylor and Francis Ltd. 2017 Article PeerReviewed Farouk, H. and Zahraee, S. M. and Atabani, A. E. and Mohd. Jaafar, M. N. and Alhassan, F. H. (2017) Optimization of the esterification process of crude jatropha oil (CJO) containing high levels of free fatty acids: a Malaysian case study. Biofuels . pp. 1-8. ISSN 1759-7269 (In Press) https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85035805775&doi=10.1080%2f17597269.2017.1387749&partnerID=40&md5=86a011dde8591eeea4b3dec5eff155e5 DOI:10.1080/17597269.2017.1387749
institution Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
building UTM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
content_source UTM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://eprints.utm.my/
topic TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery
spellingShingle TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery
Farouk, H.
Zahraee, S. M.
Atabani, A. E.
Mohd. Jaafar, M. N.
Alhassan, F. H.
Optimization of the esterification process of crude jatropha oil (CJO) containing high levels of free fatty acids: a Malaysian case study
description Biodiesel as an alternative fuel is one of the best choices among other sources due to its immense potential to reduce pollutant emissions when used in compression ignition engines. Malaysia is considered one of the top biodiesel-producing countries. The main crop for biodiesel production is currently palm oil. However, Jatropha curcas has recently drawn the attention of the Malaysian government as an alternate species for producing high yields of oil. While an evaluation of biodiesel production, blending, engine performance and emissions characteristics of Malaysian-produced jatropha methyl ester has been made recently, few studies have optimized the esterification of the crude oil. This paper is the study of an optimization process for Malaysian CJO using an acid-catalyst pretreatment process to reduce the relatively high free fatty acid (FFA) percentages of crude jatropha oil to below 1% using design of experiments and response surface methodology, with the help of Minitab software. The main findings of the current investigation are that using the acid catalyst H2SO4 at 0.225% (v/v), an MeOH-to-oil ratio of 12.29% (w/w) and a reaction time of 149.76 min are the optimum process parameters for the esterification reaction.
format Article
author Farouk, H.
Zahraee, S. M.
Atabani, A. E.
Mohd. Jaafar, M. N.
Alhassan, F. H.
author_facet Farouk, H.
Zahraee, S. M.
Atabani, A. E.
Mohd. Jaafar, M. N.
Alhassan, F. H.
author_sort Farouk, H.
title Optimization of the esterification process of crude jatropha oil (CJO) containing high levels of free fatty acids: a Malaysian case study
title_short Optimization of the esterification process of crude jatropha oil (CJO) containing high levels of free fatty acids: a Malaysian case study
title_full Optimization of the esterification process of crude jatropha oil (CJO) containing high levels of free fatty acids: a Malaysian case study
title_fullStr Optimization of the esterification process of crude jatropha oil (CJO) containing high levels of free fatty acids: a Malaysian case study
title_full_unstemmed Optimization of the esterification process of crude jatropha oil (CJO) containing high levels of free fatty acids: a Malaysian case study
title_sort optimization of the esterification process of crude jatropha oil (cjo) containing high levels of free fatty acids: a malaysian case study
publisher Taylor and Francis Ltd.
publishDate 2017
url http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/77176/
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85035805775&doi=10.1080%2f17597269.2017.1387749&partnerID=40&md5=86a011dde8591eeea4b3dec5eff155e5
_version_ 1643657519585820672
score 13.211869

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