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Synthesis and characterization of porous carbon from biomass using KOH and K2CO3 chemical activation

Synthesis of activated carbon (AC) from agricultural waste is a research area that has gained high interest recently because of its double-faced potential in dealing with disposal challenges and also in converting such waste to useful products. Activated carbons were prepared from oil palm shell by...

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Main Authors: Garba, Abdurrahman, Basri, Hatijah, Nasri, Noor Shawal, Ismail, Razali
Format: Article
Published: Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN) 2016
Subjects:
TP Chemical technology
Q Science
Online Access:http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/66724/
http://www.arpnjournals.org/jeas/research_papers/rp_2016/jeas_0216_3542.pdf
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spelling my.utm.667242017-11-22T00:45:07Z http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/66724/ Synthesis and characterization of porous carbon from biomass using KOH and K2CO3 chemical activation Garba, Abdurrahman Basri, Hatijah Nasri, Noor Shawal Ismail, Razali TP Chemical technology Q Science Synthesis of activated carbon (AC) from agricultural waste is a research area that has gained high interest recently because of its double-faced potential in dealing with disposal challenges and also in converting such waste to useful products. Activated carbons were prepared from oil palm shell by chemical activation using both KOH and K2CO3 as chemical activants. The precursor was first carbonized at a temperature of 800°C under a nitrogen flow of 150cm3/min for 2 hours at 10°C/min.It was then impregnated with KOH or K2CO3 in the ratio 1:2. The mixture of both KOH or K2CO3 impregnated material were then loaded at different times into the reactor for subsequent heating. It was then pre-heated to a temperature of 800°C for 1 hour in the presence of nitrogen gas. The carbonized sample was then activated by heat treatment under the CO2 flow of 150cm3/min at 800°C for 1hr. Nitrogen adsorption analysis from BET surface area and pore volume were studied. The BET surface area and pore volume of the potassium hydroxide treated (PHAC) and potassium carbonate treated (PCAC) carbons were (305 m2/g and 0.16 cm3/g) and (708 m2/g and 0.31 cm3/g), respectively. The proximate analysis shows a high percentage of fixed carbon and low ash content which is an indication of good precursor for AC production. The FTIR spectra of both carbons showed hydroxyls, alkenes, alkynes, carbonyls and aromatics functional groups. The SEM micrographs showed that both carbons developed pores that are good enough for adsorption of contaminants. However, the results indicate that choice of chemical activant and other activation parameters enable tailoring the porosity of the carbons for a particular environment application. Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN) 2016-01-02 Article PeerReviewed Garba, Abdurrahman and Basri, Hatijah and Nasri, Noor Shawal and Ismail, Razali (2016) Synthesis and characterization of porous carbon from biomass using KOH and K2CO3 chemical activation. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 11 (3). pp. 1613-1617. ISSN 1819-6608 http://www.arpnjournals.org/jeas/research_papers/rp_2016/jeas_0216_3542.pdf
institution Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
building UTM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
content_source UTM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://eprints.utm.my/
topic TP Chemical technology
Q Science
spellingShingle TP Chemical technology
Q Science
Garba, Abdurrahman
Basri, Hatijah
Nasri, Noor Shawal
Ismail, Razali
Synthesis and characterization of porous carbon from biomass using KOH and K2CO3 chemical activation
description Synthesis of activated carbon (AC) from agricultural waste is a research area that has gained high interest recently because of its double-faced potential in dealing with disposal challenges and also in converting such waste to useful products. Activated carbons were prepared from oil palm shell by chemical activation using both KOH and K2CO3 as chemical activants. The precursor was first carbonized at a temperature of 800°C under a nitrogen flow of 150cm3/min for 2 hours at 10°C/min.It was then impregnated with KOH or K2CO3 in the ratio 1:2. The mixture of both KOH or K2CO3 impregnated material were then loaded at different times into the reactor for subsequent heating. It was then pre-heated to a temperature of 800°C for 1 hour in the presence of nitrogen gas. The carbonized sample was then activated by heat treatment under the CO2 flow of 150cm3/min at 800°C for 1hr. Nitrogen adsorption analysis from BET surface area and pore volume were studied. The BET surface area and pore volume of the potassium hydroxide treated (PHAC) and potassium carbonate treated (PCAC) carbons were (305 m2/g and 0.16 cm3/g) and (708 m2/g and 0.31 cm3/g), respectively. The proximate analysis shows a high percentage of fixed carbon and low ash content which is an indication of good precursor for AC production. The FTIR spectra of both carbons showed hydroxyls, alkenes, alkynes, carbonyls and aromatics functional groups. The SEM micrographs showed that both carbons developed pores that are good enough for adsorption of contaminants. However, the results indicate that choice of chemical activant and other activation parameters enable tailoring the porosity of the carbons for a particular environment application.
format Article
author Garba, Abdurrahman
Basri, Hatijah
Nasri, Noor Shawal
Ismail, Razali
author_facet Garba, Abdurrahman
Basri, Hatijah
Nasri, Noor Shawal
Ismail, Razali
author_sort Garba, Abdurrahman
title Synthesis and characterization of porous carbon from biomass using KOH and K2CO3 chemical activation
title_short Synthesis and characterization of porous carbon from biomass using KOH and K2CO3 chemical activation
title_full Synthesis and characterization of porous carbon from biomass using KOH and K2CO3 chemical activation
title_fullStr Synthesis and characterization of porous carbon from biomass using KOH and K2CO3 chemical activation
title_full_unstemmed Synthesis and characterization of porous carbon from biomass using KOH and K2CO3 chemical activation
title_sort synthesis and characterization of porous carbon from biomass using koh and k2co3 chemical activation
publisher Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN)
publishDate 2016
url http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/66724/
http://www.arpnjournals.org/jeas/research_papers/rp_2016/jeas_0216_3542.pdf
_version_ 1643655843776823296
score 13.211869

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