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Shale swelling mitigation in water-based drilling fluids with amine additives

Shale stability is a common problem in wellbores when water based drilling fluids are used during drilling operations. The high reactivity of shales with water causes clay components to swell and cause many drilling problems. Potassium chloride has been the most conventional shale stabilizer additiv...

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Main Authors:	Ismail, Abdul Razak, Jaafar, Mohd. Zaidi, Wan Sulaiman, Wan Rosli, Ridzuan, Ariff
Format:	Conference or Workshop Item
Published:	2015
Subjects:	TP Chemical technology
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/62234/ http://www.jmg.gov.my/en/mengenai-kami/berita-semasa/aktiviti-semasa/241-8th-regional-conference-on-geological-and-geo-resources-engineering-rc-geoe-2015-mineral-symposium-simpomin-2015
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id	my.utm.62234
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spelling	my.utm.622342017-05-30T02:03:15Z http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/62234/ Shale swelling mitigation in water-based drilling fluids with amine additives Ismail, Abdul Razak Jaafar, Mohd. Zaidi Wan Sulaiman, Wan Rosli Ridzuan, Ariff TP Chemical technology Shale stability is a common problem in wellbores when water based drilling fluids are used during drilling operations. The high reactivity of shales with water causes clay components to swell and cause many drilling problems. Potassium chloride has been the most conventional shale stabilizer additive used in water based drilling fluid. However there are limitations to the ability of KCl. The swell-preventing ability of KCl does not last long in water based drilling fluid. Amines are stated to have better inhibition longevity in water based drilling fluid. This study investigated the efficiency of amines as shale stabilizers in mitigating shale swelling, and compared its performancdrill with KCl. An amine compound, hexamethylene diamine (HMDA) was used in this study. Drilling fluid samples were tested on 15 mm thick compacted shale pellets with high amounts of montmorillonite. Concentration tests showed that drilling fluid with 2.85 - 3.4 % (10 - 12 g) of HMDA gave optimum swelling mitigation; three times less swelling than 30 g of KCl. The shale immersed in HMDA showed swelling of less than 8 % of its original size, as compared to KCl, which had 22 %. The shales submerged in HMDA showed also slower rates of swelling than those in KCl. An extended experiment termed the ‘Inhibition Longevity Test’ was carried out on each sample to test the robustness of the swell-mitigation effect of the drilling fluid upon the shale; water was subsequently added to each ongoing swelling experiment. HMDA was able to maintain its swelling-mitigation ability, allowing only an added 1 % swelling increment. KCl was however weaker in holding its swelling-prevention effect, resulting in an additional 5 % of swelling of its shale. It appears that amine bonds are broken less easily. The chemical structure which makes up amines create stronger bonds between shale particles, effectively inhibiting swelling. It is concluded that amines are more efficient shale-stabilizer additives compared to KCl. 2015 Conference or Workshop Item PeerReviewed Ismail, Abdul Razak and Jaafar, Mohd. Zaidi and Wan Sulaiman, Wan Rosli and Ridzuan, Ariff (2015) Shale swelling mitigation in water-based drilling fluids with amine additives. In: 8th International Conference on Geological and Geo-Resources Engineering, 29-30 Sept, 2015, Penang, Malaysia. http://www.jmg.gov.my/en/mengenai-kami/berita-semasa/aktiviti-semasa/241-8th-regional-conference-on-geological-and-geo-resources-engineering-rc-geoe-2015-mineral-symposium-simpomin-2015
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
building	UTM Library
collection	Institutional Repository
continent	Asia
country	Malaysia
content_provider	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
content_source	UTM Institutional Repository
url_provider	http://eprints.utm.my/
topic	TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle	TP Chemical technology Ismail, Abdul Razak Jaafar, Mohd. Zaidi Wan Sulaiman, Wan Rosli Ridzuan, Ariff Shale swelling mitigation in water-based drilling fluids with amine additives
description	Shale stability is a common problem in wellbores when water based drilling fluids are used during drilling operations. The high reactivity of shales with water causes clay components to swell and cause many drilling problems. Potassium chloride has been the most conventional shale stabilizer additive used in water based drilling fluid. However there are limitations to the ability of KCl. The swell-preventing ability of KCl does not last long in water based drilling fluid. Amines are stated to have better inhibition longevity in water based drilling fluid. This study investigated the efficiency of amines as shale stabilizers in mitigating shale swelling, and compared its performancdrill with KCl. An amine compound, hexamethylene diamine (HMDA) was used in this study. Drilling fluid samples were tested on 15 mm thick compacted shale pellets with high amounts of montmorillonite. Concentration tests showed that drilling fluid with 2.85 - 3.4 % (10 - 12 g) of HMDA gave optimum swelling mitigation; three times less swelling than 30 g of KCl. The shale immersed in HMDA showed swelling of less than 8 % of its original size, as compared to KCl, which had 22 %. The shales submerged in HMDA showed also slower rates of swelling than those in KCl. An extended experiment termed the ‘Inhibition Longevity Test’ was carried out on each sample to test the robustness of the swell-mitigation effect of the drilling fluid upon the shale; water was subsequently added to each ongoing swelling experiment. HMDA was able to maintain its swelling-mitigation ability, allowing only an added 1 % swelling increment. KCl was however weaker in holding its swelling-prevention effect, resulting in an additional 5 % of swelling of its shale. It appears that amine bonds are broken less easily. The chemical structure which makes up amines create stronger bonds between shale particles, effectively inhibiting swelling. It is concluded that amines are more efficient shale-stabilizer additives compared to KCl.
format	Conference or Workshop Item
author	Ismail, Abdul Razak Jaafar, Mohd. Zaidi Wan Sulaiman, Wan Rosli Ridzuan, Ariff
author_facet	Ismail, Abdul Razak Jaafar, Mohd. Zaidi Wan Sulaiman, Wan Rosli Ridzuan, Ariff
author_sort	Ismail, Abdul Razak
title	Shale swelling mitigation in water-based drilling fluids with amine additives
title_short	Shale swelling mitigation in water-based drilling fluids with amine additives
title_full	Shale swelling mitigation in water-based drilling fluids with amine additives
title_fullStr	Shale swelling mitigation in water-based drilling fluids with amine additives
title_full_unstemmed	Shale swelling mitigation in water-based drilling fluids with amine additives
title_sort	shale swelling mitigation in water-based drilling fluids with amine additives
publishDate	2015
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/62234/ http://www.jmg.gov.my/en/mengenai-kami/berita-semasa/aktiviti-semasa/241-8th-regional-conference-on-geological-and-geo-resources-engineering-rc-geoe-2015-mineral-symposium-simpomin-2015
_version_	1643655362453176320
score	13.211869

Shale swelling mitigation in water-based drilling fluids with amine additives

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