Cover Image

Isolation, characterization and preparation of spent coffee ground tannin as eco-friendly wood adhesives

The objectives of this study are to investigate the recovery and application of spent coffee ground (SCG) tannin as wood adhesive, meanwhile to discover the properties of tannin / lignin adhesive, which are currently underexplored. The modelling and simulation of analyses revealed that the optimum e...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Low, Jiun Hor
Format: Thesis
Published: 2015
Subjects:
TP Chemical technology
Online Access:http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/54671/
http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:96498
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
id my.utm.54671
record_format eprints
spelling my.utm.546712020-11-03T07:55:41Z http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/54671/ Isolation, characterization and preparation of spent coffee ground tannin as eco-friendly wood adhesives Low, Jiun Hor TP Chemical technology The objectives of this study are to investigate the recovery and application of spent coffee ground (SCG) tannin as wood adhesive, meanwhile to discover the properties of tannin / lignin adhesive, which are currently underexplored. The modelling and simulation of analyses revealed that the optimum extraction conditions were; 5 % sodium hydroxide concentration, 100 °C extraction temperature, 30 minutes of extraction time and 8.23 liquid to solid ratio, so that tannin with a high extraction yield (21.02 %) and high reactivity (29.69 %) could be recovered. The structural characterization by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and solid state cross polarisation-magic angle spinning carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (CP-MAS 13C NMR) as well as matrix-assisted laser desorption / ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometric analyses concurrently agreed that the SCG tannins comprised of condensed (catechin, fisetinidin, gallocatechin and gallocatechin-3-O-gallate) and hydrolyzable (chebulic acid) tannins with a degree of polymerization up to dimer. On the other hand, the development of tannin / lignin wood adhesives based on the extracted SCG tannin and kraft lignin demonstrated a decreasing trend in solid content, density and viscosity as well as an increasing trend in hydrogen ion concentration (pH) and thermal stability with the elevation of SCG tannin content in the formulations. The adhesion of tannin / lignin adhesives primarily relied on the dispersion forces and to a lesser extent on polar forces. By formulating the adhesive at 60 % of SCG tannin and 40 % of kraft lignin, the bonding effectiveness, namely work of cohesion and work of adhesion were achieved at 65.12 mN/m and 64.62 mN/m respectively. These findings were equivalent to 55 % and 70 % of the work of cohesion and work of adhesion delivered by the commercial wood adhesive. In conclusion, SCG has proven its potential as a renewable tannin resource. Structural information and the properties of the developed adhesive confirmed the potential use of extracted SCG tannins for adhesive applications. 2015-10 Thesis NonPeerReviewed Low, Jiun Hor (2015) Isolation, characterization and preparation of spent coffee ground tannin as eco-friendly wood adhesives. PhD thesis, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Chemical Engineering. http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:96498
institution Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
building UTM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
content_source UTM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://eprints.utm.my/
topic TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle TP Chemical technology
Low, Jiun Hor
Isolation, characterization and preparation of spent coffee ground tannin as eco-friendly wood adhesives
description The objectives of this study are to investigate the recovery and application of spent coffee ground (SCG) tannin as wood adhesive, meanwhile to discover the properties of tannin / lignin adhesive, which are currently underexplored. The modelling and simulation of analyses revealed that the optimum extraction conditions were; 5 % sodium hydroxide concentration, 100 °C extraction temperature, 30 minutes of extraction time and 8.23 liquid to solid ratio, so that tannin with a high extraction yield (21.02 %) and high reactivity (29.69 %) could be recovered. The structural characterization by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and solid state cross polarisation-magic angle spinning carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (CP-MAS 13C NMR) as well as matrix-assisted laser desorption / ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometric analyses concurrently agreed that the SCG tannins comprised of condensed (catechin, fisetinidin, gallocatechin and gallocatechin-3-O-gallate) and hydrolyzable (chebulic acid) tannins with a degree of polymerization up to dimer. On the other hand, the development of tannin / lignin wood adhesives based on the extracted SCG tannin and kraft lignin demonstrated a decreasing trend in solid content, density and viscosity as well as an increasing trend in hydrogen ion concentration (pH) and thermal stability with the elevation of SCG tannin content in the formulations. The adhesion of tannin / lignin adhesives primarily relied on the dispersion forces and to a lesser extent on polar forces. By formulating the adhesive at 60 % of SCG tannin and 40 % of kraft lignin, the bonding effectiveness, namely work of cohesion and work of adhesion were achieved at 65.12 mN/m and 64.62 mN/m respectively. These findings were equivalent to 55 % and 70 % of the work of cohesion and work of adhesion delivered by the commercial wood adhesive. In conclusion, SCG has proven its potential as a renewable tannin resource. Structural information and the properties of the developed adhesive confirmed the potential use of extracted SCG tannins for adhesive applications.
format Thesis
author Low, Jiun Hor
author_facet Low, Jiun Hor
author_sort Low, Jiun Hor
title Isolation, characterization and preparation of spent coffee ground tannin as eco-friendly wood adhesives
title_short Isolation, characterization and preparation of spent coffee ground tannin as eco-friendly wood adhesives
title_full Isolation, characterization and preparation of spent coffee ground tannin as eco-friendly wood adhesives
title_fullStr Isolation, characterization and preparation of spent coffee ground tannin as eco-friendly wood adhesives
title_full_unstemmed Isolation, characterization and preparation of spent coffee ground tannin as eco-friendly wood adhesives
title_sort isolation, characterization and preparation of spent coffee ground tannin as eco-friendly wood adhesives
publishDate 2015
url http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/54671/
http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:96498
_version_ 1683230727766802432
score 13.211869

Similar Items