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Preparation and characterisation of activated carbon from palm kernel shell by physical activation with steam

Granular activated carbon was produced from palm kernel shell using commercial scale carbonisation and activation systems. Carbonisation was carried out using kiln earth system while activation took place in a commercial scale rotary kiln. Steam was used as oxidising agent during activation process...

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Main Authors: A. F., Rugayah, Abdul Aziz, Astimar, Ngadi, Norzita
Format: Article
Published: 2014
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TP Chemical technology
Online Access:http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/54580/
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287291083_Preparation_and_characterisation_of_activated_carbon_from_palm_kernel_shell_by_physical_activation_with_steam
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spelling my.utm.545802017-09-12T08:50:03Z http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/54580/ Preparation and characterisation of activated carbon from palm kernel shell by physical activation with steam A. F., Rugayah Abdul Aziz, Astimar Ngadi, Norzita TP Chemical technology Granular activated carbon was produced from palm kernel shell using commercial scale carbonisation and activation systems. Carbonisation was carried out using kiln earth system while activation took place in a commercial scale rotary kiln. Steam was used as oxidising agent during activation process with temperature range from 900oC to 1000oC. Palm kernel shell activated carbon was characterised based on proximate and ultimate analyses, thermal stability, chemical functional groups, and surface area. Scanning electron microscope was used to determine the surface morphology of the carbon products. It was found that palm kernel shell is a suitable material to produce activated charcoal owing to its low ash content (2.3 wt %) but high in carbon and volatile content, 23 wt % and 61.7%, respectively. The maximum thermal stability was observed up to 700oC for palm kernel shell activated carbon and raw palm kernel shell but 600oC for palm kernel shell charcoal. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of palm kernel shell activated carbon produced in this study is 607.76 m2 g-1 with 541.76 m2 g-1 micropore area; this is comparable to commercial activated carbon with BET surface area of 690.92 m2 g-1 with 469.08 m2 g-1 micropore area. From the adsorption experiment, palm kernel shell activated carbon could remove up to 80.7% of chemical oxygen demand with 8.83 mg g-1 adsorption capacity; this is comparable to the performance of commercial activated carbon available in the market. The results of this study proved that good quality activated carbon can be produced from palm kernel shell. 2014 Article PeerReviewed A. F., Rugayah and Abdul Aziz, Astimar and Ngadi, Norzita (2014) Preparation and characterisation of activated carbon from palm kernel shell by physical activation with steam. JOURNAL OF OIL PALM RESEARCH, 26 (3). p. 264. ISSN 1511-2780 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287291083_Preparation_and_characterisation_of_activated_carbon_from_palm_kernel_shell_by_physical_activation_with_steam
institution Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
building UTM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
content_source UTM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://eprints.utm.my/
topic TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle TP Chemical technology
A. F., Rugayah
Abdul Aziz, Astimar
Ngadi, Norzita
Preparation and characterisation of activated carbon from palm kernel shell by physical activation with steam
description Granular activated carbon was produced from palm kernel shell using commercial scale carbonisation and activation systems. Carbonisation was carried out using kiln earth system while activation took place in a commercial scale rotary kiln. Steam was used as oxidising agent during activation process with temperature range from 900oC to 1000oC. Palm kernel shell activated carbon was characterised based on proximate and ultimate analyses, thermal stability, chemical functional groups, and surface area. Scanning electron microscope was used to determine the surface morphology of the carbon products. It was found that palm kernel shell is a suitable material to produce activated charcoal owing to its low ash content (2.3 wt %) but high in carbon and volatile content, 23 wt % and 61.7%, respectively. The maximum thermal stability was observed up to 700oC for palm kernel shell activated carbon and raw palm kernel shell but 600oC for palm kernel shell charcoal. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of palm kernel shell activated carbon produced in this study is 607.76 m2 g-1 with 541.76 m2 g-1 micropore area; this is comparable to commercial activated carbon with BET surface area of 690.92 m2 g-1 with 469.08 m2 g-1 micropore area. From the adsorption experiment, palm kernel shell activated carbon could remove up to 80.7% of chemical oxygen demand with 8.83 mg g-1 adsorption capacity; this is comparable to the performance of commercial activated carbon available in the market. The results of this study proved that good quality activated carbon can be produced from palm kernel shell.
format Article
author A. F., Rugayah
Abdul Aziz, Astimar
Ngadi, Norzita
author_facet A. F., Rugayah
Abdul Aziz, Astimar
Ngadi, Norzita
author_sort A. F., Rugayah
title Preparation and characterisation of activated carbon from palm kernel shell by physical activation with steam
title_short Preparation and characterisation of activated carbon from palm kernel shell by physical activation with steam
title_full Preparation and characterisation of activated carbon from palm kernel shell by physical activation with steam
title_fullStr Preparation and characterisation of activated carbon from palm kernel shell by physical activation with steam
title_full_unstemmed Preparation and characterisation of activated carbon from palm kernel shell by physical activation with steam
title_sort preparation and characterisation of activated carbon from palm kernel shell by physical activation with steam
publishDate 2014
url http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/54580/
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287291083_Preparation_and_characterisation_of_activated_carbon_from_palm_kernel_shell_by_physical_activation_with_steam
_version_ 1643653544499216384
score 13.211869

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