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Taking the Spirit Out of Levelling

Orthometric heights are normally derived using conventional spirit levelling techniques. Such techniques have always been one of the more laborious, timeconsuming and costly exercises in surveying. However, with the advent of GPS, ellipsoidal heights can be derived very accurately over a short peri...

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Main Author: Abdullah, Khairul Anuar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Fakulti Ukur dan Harta Tanah 1994
Subjects:
TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
Online Access:http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/4872/1/Taking.pdf
http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/4872/
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spelling my.utm.48722010-06-01T03:21:30Z http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/4872/ Taking the Spirit Out of Levelling Abdullah, Khairul Anuar TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) Orthometric heights are normally derived using conventional spirit levelling techniques. Such techniques have always been one of the more laborious, timeconsuming and costly exercises in surveying. However, with the advent of GPS, ellipsoidal heights can be derived very accurately over a short period.Thus, for many applications, the GPS technique can replace the spirit level method in determining Orthometric height. This is accomplished by converting the GPS derived ellipsoidal height into Orthometric height. This paper describes three method that can be employed for such conversion process. They comprise of a local geoid surface fitting solution, a local gravimetric solution and a global geoid solution. A test network located in the north-east of England was used in this study. Fakulti Ukur dan Harta Tanah 1994-10 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/4872/1/Taking.pdf Abdullah, Khairul Anuar (1994) Taking the Spirit Out of Levelling. Buletin Ukur, 5 (3). pp. 185-195. ISSN 0128-4274
institution Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
building UTM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
content_source UTM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://eprints.utm.my/
language English
topic TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
spellingShingle TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
Abdullah, Khairul Anuar
Taking the Spirit Out of Levelling
description Orthometric heights are normally derived using conventional spirit levelling techniques. Such techniques have always been one of the more laborious, timeconsuming and costly exercises in surveying. However, with the advent of GPS, ellipsoidal heights can be derived very accurately over a short period.Thus, for many applications, the GPS technique can replace the spirit level method in determining Orthometric height. This is accomplished by converting the GPS derived ellipsoidal height into Orthometric height. This paper describes three method that can be employed for such conversion process. They comprise of a local geoid surface fitting solution, a local gravimetric solution and a global geoid solution. A test network located in the north-east of England was used in this study.
format Article
author Abdullah, Khairul Anuar
author_facet Abdullah, Khairul Anuar
author_sort Abdullah, Khairul Anuar
title Taking the Spirit Out of Levelling
title_short Taking the Spirit Out of Levelling
title_full Taking the Spirit Out of Levelling
title_fullStr Taking the Spirit Out of Levelling
title_full_unstemmed Taking the Spirit Out of Levelling
title_sort taking the spirit out of levelling
publisher Fakulti Ukur dan Harta Tanah
publishDate 1994
url http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/4872/1/Taking.pdf
http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/4872/
_version_ 1643644171333926912
score 13.211869

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