Cover Image

Analysis of trihalomethane formation potential in river water using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction technique

Trihalomethanes (THMs) in treated water are formed when natural organic matter (NOM) reacts with chlorine, which is used as a disinfectant agent. Although the chlorination of drinking water provides many advantages, THMs remain a human health concern. High levels of the THMs in water leads to the po...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Mechor, Widyaratih Hafizah
Format: Thesis
Language:English
Published: 2011
Subjects:
TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering
Online Access:http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/36561/1/WidyaratihHafizahMechorMFS2011.pdf
http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/36561/
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
id my.utm.36561
record_format eprints
spelling my.utm.365612020-02-11T07:35:23Z http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/36561/ Analysis of trihalomethane formation potential in river water using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction technique Mechor, Widyaratih Hafizah TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering Trihalomethanes (THMs) in treated water are formed when natural organic matter (NOM) reacts with chlorine, which is used as a disinfectant agent. Although the chlorination of drinking water provides many advantages, THMs remain a human health concern. High levels of the THMs in water leads to the possible carcinogenic effects which effect human health seriously. A new extraction technique named dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) was developed and applied for the determination of the formation of THMs in treated water. Different experimental conditions, for instance type and volume of disperser solvent, type and volume of extraction solvent, addition of salt and extraction time were investigated to obtain the optimum extraction conditions. In this method, the appropriate mixture of an extraction solvent (20.00 µL carbon disulfide) and disperser solvent (0.25 mL methanol) was injected in 5.00 mL aqueous sample containing the analytes to form a cloudy solution. The analytes were separated and enriched in a settled phase by centrifugation for 2 min at 4,000 rpm. Settled phase formed was determined by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection (GC-ECD). The repeatability and reproducibility of DLLME-GC-ECD were found to range between 1.1% to 11.4% and 3.4% to 10.9% respectively. Good correlation coefficient, R2 more than 0.9977 were obtained for all THMs compound. The LODs for all THMs compound ranged from 0.011 µg/L to 0.239 µg/L, whereas the enrichment factor (EF) obtained were found in the range of 95 to 283. DLLME-GC-ECD was found to be rapid and simple method which offered better sensitivity and high efficiency compared to conventional method, liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). The method was applied for analysis of total THM formation potential (TTHMFP) in river water. From the monitoring conducted during rainfall season at Batu Pahat, Johor Malaysia, it can be concluded that TTHMFP in Malaysian river waters especially at Johor area are still under the limits of 80 µg/L. 2011-12 Thesis NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/36561/1/WidyaratihHafizahMechorMFS2011.pdf Mechor, Widyaratih Hafizah (2011) Analysis of trihalomethane formation potential in river water using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction technique. Masters thesis, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Science.
institution Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
building UTM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
content_source UTM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://eprints.utm.my/
language English
topic TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering
spellingShingle TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering
Mechor, Widyaratih Hafizah
Analysis of trihalomethane formation potential in river water using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction technique
description Trihalomethanes (THMs) in treated water are formed when natural organic matter (NOM) reacts with chlorine, which is used as a disinfectant agent. Although the chlorination of drinking water provides many advantages, THMs remain a human health concern. High levels of the THMs in water leads to the possible carcinogenic effects which effect human health seriously. A new extraction technique named dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) was developed and applied for the determination of the formation of THMs in treated water. Different experimental conditions, for instance type and volume of disperser solvent, type and volume of extraction solvent, addition of salt and extraction time were investigated to obtain the optimum extraction conditions. In this method, the appropriate mixture of an extraction solvent (20.00 µL carbon disulfide) and disperser solvent (0.25 mL methanol) was injected in 5.00 mL aqueous sample containing the analytes to form a cloudy solution. The analytes were separated and enriched in a settled phase by centrifugation for 2 min at 4,000 rpm. Settled phase formed was determined by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection (GC-ECD). The repeatability and reproducibility of DLLME-GC-ECD were found to range between 1.1% to 11.4% and 3.4% to 10.9% respectively. Good correlation coefficient, R2 more than 0.9977 were obtained for all THMs compound. The LODs for all THMs compound ranged from 0.011 µg/L to 0.239 µg/L, whereas the enrichment factor (EF) obtained were found in the range of 95 to 283. DLLME-GC-ECD was found to be rapid and simple method which offered better sensitivity and high efficiency compared to conventional method, liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). The method was applied for analysis of total THM formation potential (TTHMFP) in river water. From the monitoring conducted during rainfall season at Batu Pahat, Johor Malaysia, it can be concluded that TTHMFP in Malaysian river waters especially at Johor area are still under the limits of 80 µg/L.
format Thesis
author Mechor, Widyaratih Hafizah
author_facet Mechor, Widyaratih Hafizah
author_sort Mechor, Widyaratih Hafizah
title Analysis of trihalomethane formation potential in river water using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction technique
title_short Analysis of trihalomethane formation potential in river water using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction technique
title_full Analysis of trihalomethane formation potential in river water using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction technique
title_fullStr Analysis of trihalomethane formation potential in river water using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction technique
title_full_unstemmed Analysis of trihalomethane formation potential in river water using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction technique
title_sort analysis of trihalomethane formation potential in river water using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction technique
publishDate 2011
url http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/36561/1/WidyaratihHafizahMechorMFS2011.pdf
http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/36561/
_version_ 1662754241485209600
score 13.211869

Similar Items