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Ultra wideband microwave multi-port reflectometer in microstrip-slot technology: operation, design and applications

A microwave reflectometer is an instrument to measure a complex ratio between reflected and incident waves at an input port of a uniform transmission line terminated in a Device Under Test (DUT). The conventional reflectometer is formed by a four-port network with two ports connected to a microwav...

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Main Authors: Seman, Norhudah, Marek, E. Bialkowski
Other Authors: Mukherjee, Moumita
Format: Book Section
Published: In-Teh 2010
Subjects:
TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering
Online Access:http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/31182/
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35326-0_57
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spelling my.utm.311822017-02-05T00:15:58Z http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/31182/ Ultra wideband microwave multi-port reflectometer in microstrip-slot technology: operation, design and applications Seman, Norhudah Marek, E. Bialkowski TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering A microwave reflectometer is an instrument to measure a complex ratio between reflected and incident waves at an input port of a uniform transmission line terminated in a Device Under Test (DUT). The conventional reflectometer is formed by a four-port network with two ports connected to a microwave source and DUT, and the remaining ports coupled to a heterodyne receiver which acts as a Complex Ratio Detector (CRT). By using the heterodyne receiver technique, the two microwave signals are converted in the linear manner to an Intermediate Frequency (IF) of hundreds of kHz where they are processed using digital means. The use of the heterodyne technique enables a very large dynamic range of 100 dB or more for this type of reflectometer. However, as the ratio of two original microwave signals has to be preserved at IF, a very advanced electronic circuitry is required to accomplish the linear conversion process. This complicated electronics leads to a large size of the conventional reflectometer and its high price tag. Many applications require compactsize and low-cost reflectometers. They can be built using N-port networks, with N being greater than 5, equipped only in scalar (power) detectors. This chapter describes the concept of a multi-port reflectometer which employs scalar instead of complex ratio detector to determine the complex reflection coefficient of DUT. It is shown that such a device requires a suitable calibration and mathematical transformations of the measured power at selected ports of the N-port to obtain the complex reflection coefficient of DUT. Because of this requirement, the multi-port reflectometer uses a computer to perform calibrations and measurements. The use of a computer accelerates the calibration and measurement procedure and at the same time it does not create a considerable overhead to the total cost of this measurement instrument. The challenge is to obtain a low-cost fully integrated N-port network operating over an ultra wide frequency band, which can be used to develop a fully operational reflectometer. This challenge is addressed in the present chapter. Practical configurations of this measurement instrument are described and the design of a compact fully integrated N-port network in microstrip-slot technique to build a reflectometer operating over an ultra wide microwave frequency band of 3.1 to 10.6 GHz is given. In-Teh Mukherjee, Moumita 2010-03-01 Book Section PeerReviewed Seman, Norhudah and Marek, E. Bialkowski (2010) Ultra wideband microwave multi-port reflectometer in microstrip-slot technology: operation, design and applications. In: Advanced Microwave and Milimeter Wave Technologies Semiconductor Devices Circuits and Systems. In-Teh, Croatia, pp. 339-364. ISBN 978-953-307-031-5 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35326-0_57 DOI:10.5772/8760
institution Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
building UTM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
content_source UTM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://eprints.utm.my/
topic TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering
spellingShingle TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering
Seman, Norhudah
Marek, E. Bialkowski
Ultra wideband microwave multi-port reflectometer in microstrip-slot technology: operation, design and applications
description A microwave reflectometer is an instrument to measure a complex ratio between reflected and incident waves at an input port of a uniform transmission line terminated in a Device Under Test (DUT). The conventional reflectometer is formed by a four-port network with two ports connected to a microwave source and DUT, and the remaining ports coupled to a heterodyne receiver which acts as a Complex Ratio Detector (CRT). By using the heterodyne receiver technique, the two microwave signals are converted in the linear manner to an Intermediate Frequency (IF) of hundreds of kHz where they are processed using digital means. The use of the heterodyne technique enables a very large dynamic range of 100 dB or more for this type of reflectometer. However, as the ratio of two original microwave signals has to be preserved at IF, a very advanced electronic circuitry is required to accomplish the linear conversion process. This complicated electronics leads to a large size of the conventional reflectometer and its high price tag. Many applications require compactsize and low-cost reflectometers. They can be built using N-port networks, with N being greater than 5, equipped only in scalar (power) detectors. This chapter describes the concept of a multi-port reflectometer which employs scalar instead of complex ratio detector to determine the complex reflection coefficient of DUT. It is shown that such a device requires a suitable calibration and mathematical transformations of the measured power at selected ports of the N-port to obtain the complex reflection coefficient of DUT. Because of this requirement, the multi-port reflectometer uses a computer to perform calibrations and measurements. The use of a computer accelerates the calibration and measurement procedure and at the same time it does not create a considerable overhead to the total cost of this measurement instrument. The challenge is to obtain a low-cost fully integrated N-port network operating over an ultra wide frequency band, which can be used to develop a fully operational reflectometer. This challenge is addressed in the present chapter. Practical configurations of this measurement instrument are described and the design of a compact fully integrated N-port network in microstrip-slot technique to build a reflectometer operating over an ultra wide microwave frequency band of 3.1 to 10.6 GHz is given.
author2 Mukherjee, Moumita
author_facet Mukherjee, Moumita
Seman, Norhudah
Marek, E. Bialkowski
format Book Section
author Seman, Norhudah
Marek, E. Bialkowski
author_sort Seman, Norhudah
title Ultra wideband microwave multi-port reflectometer in microstrip-slot technology: operation, design and applications
title_short Ultra wideband microwave multi-port reflectometer in microstrip-slot technology: operation, design and applications
title_full Ultra wideband microwave multi-port reflectometer in microstrip-slot technology: operation, design and applications
title_fullStr Ultra wideband microwave multi-port reflectometer in microstrip-slot technology: operation, design and applications
title_full_unstemmed Ultra wideband microwave multi-port reflectometer in microstrip-slot technology: operation, design and applications
title_sort ultra wideband microwave multi-port reflectometer in microstrip-slot technology: operation, design and applications
publisher In-Teh
publishDate 2010
url http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/31182/
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35326-0_57
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score 13.211869

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