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Synthesis of biodiesel from palm oil using a hybrid mechanical stirring and high frequency ultrasonic-assisted enzyme-catalysed process

Transesterification process involves different immiscible substrates includes feedstock oil, alcohol and catalyst to produce fatty acid methyl esters, i.e. biodiesel. However, a poor mixing of the substrates in the transesterification process could lead to a low triglyceride conversion into biodiese...

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Main Authors: Siaw, Wen Chun, Tan, Lian See, Kiew, Peck Loo, Tsuji, Tomoya, Murshid, Ghulam
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Italian Association of Chemical Engineering - AIDIC 2023
Subjects:
T Technology (General)
Online Access:http://eprints.utm.my/107244/1/TanLianSee2023_SynthesisofBiodieselfromPalmOil.pdf
http://eprints.utm.my/107244/
http://dx.doi.org/10.3303/CET23106177
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spelling my.utm.1072442024-09-01T06:22:35Z http://eprints.utm.my/107244/ Synthesis of biodiesel from palm oil using a hybrid mechanical stirring and high frequency ultrasonic-assisted enzyme-catalysed process Siaw, Wen Chun Tan, Lian See Kiew, Peck Loo Tsuji, Tomoya Murshid, Ghulam T Technology (General) Transesterification process involves different immiscible substrates includes feedstock oil, alcohol and catalyst to produce fatty acid methyl esters, i.e. biodiesel. However, a poor mixing of the substrates in the transesterification process could lead to a low triglyceride conversion into biodiesel. Appropriate design for mixing is important to promote better surface contact between the substrate to enhance the transesterification reaction. In addition, mechanical assisted mixing system in the intensified process with ultrasonic could help to improve the conversion percentage. In this study, the effect of high frequency ultrasonic in enzymatic transesterification process was investigated. The biodiesel conversion percentage for the enzymatic transesterification of palm oil with methanol via 3 different mechanical mixing systems, i.e., conventional shaking method, high frequency ultrasonic method with and without mechanical stirring, were evaluated. The transesterification reaction was carried out for 12 h at 35 °C with an alcohol-to-oil molar ratio of 6:1, a 10 wt% of liquid enzyme solution, with addition of 16 wt% of water (relative to the weight of enzyme). The results from this study indicated that an enhancement of biodiesel conversion percentage was achieved via high frequency ultrasonic assisted enzymatic transesterification compared to conventional shaking method. The biodiesel conversion percentage obtained via conventional shaking method and high frequency ultrasonic-assisted transesterification processes were 29% and 66%. Meanwhile, the application of additional mechanical stirring into high frequency ultrasonic process further increased the conversion percentage from 66% to 89%. The findings for this study bring a better understanding in high frequency ultrasound assisted enzymatic transesterification. There is a potential reducing the reaction time for enzymatic transesterification with high frequency ultrasound assisted process. This could provide an alternative transesterification process with milder operating conditions. Italian Association of Chemical Engineering - AIDIC 2023 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://eprints.utm.my/107244/1/TanLianSee2023_SynthesisofBiodieselfromPalmOil.pdf Siaw, Wen Chun and Tan, Lian See and Kiew, Peck Loo and Tsuji, Tomoya and Murshid, Ghulam (2023) Synthesis of biodiesel from palm oil using a hybrid mechanical stirring and high frequency ultrasonic-assisted enzyme-catalysed process. Chemical Engineering Transactions, 106 (NA). pp. 1057-1062. ISSN 2283-9216 http://dx.doi.org/10.3303/CET23106177 DOI : 10.3303/CET23106177
institution Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
building UTM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
content_source UTM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://eprints.utm.my/
language English
topic T Technology (General)
spellingShingle T Technology (General)
Siaw, Wen Chun
Tan, Lian See
Kiew, Peck Loo
Tsuji, Tomoya
Murshid, Ghulam
Synthesis of biodiesel from palm oil using a hybrid mechanical stirring and high frequency ultrasonic-assisted enzyme-catalysed process
description Transesterification process involves different immiscible substrates includes feedstock oil, alcohol and catalyst to produce fatty acid methyl esters, i.e. biodiesel. However, a poor mixing of the substrates in the transesterification process could lead to a low triglyceride conversion into biodiesel. Appropriate design for mixing is important to promote better surface contact between the substrate to enhance the transesterification reaction. In addition, mechanical assisted mixing system in the intensified process with ultrasonic could help to improve the conversion percentage. In this study, the effect of high frequency ultrasonic in enzymatic transesterification process was investigated. The biodiesel conversion percentage for the enzymatic transesterification of palm oil with methanol via 3 different mechanical mixing systems, i.e., conventional shaking method, high frequency ultrasonic method with and without mechanical stirring, were evaluated. The transesterification reaction was carried out for 12 h at 35 °C with an alcohol-to-oil molar ratio of 6:1, a 10 wt% of liquid enzyme solution, with addition of 16 wt% of water (relative to the weight of enzyme). The results from this study indicated that an enhancement of biodiesel conversion percentage was achieved via high frequency ultrasonic assisted enzymatic transesterification compared to conventional shaking method. The biodiesel conversion percentage obtained via conventional shaking method and high frequency ultrasonic-assisted transesterification processes were 29% and 66%. Meanwhile, the application of additional mechanical stirring into high frequency ultrasonic process further increased the conversion percentage from 66% to 89%. The findings for this study bring a better understanding in high frequency ultrasound assisted enzymatic transesterification. There is a potential reducing the reaction time for enzymatic transesterification with high frequency ultrasound assisted process. This could provide an alternative transesterification process with milder operating conditions.
format Article
author Siaw, Wen Chun
Tan, Lian See
Kiew, Peck Loo
Tsuji, Tomoya
Murshid, Ghulam
author_facet Siaw, Wen Chun
Tan, Lian See
Kiew, Peck Loo
Tsuji, Tomoya
Murshid, Ghulam
author_sort Siaw, Wen Chun
title Synthesis of biodiesel from palm oil using a hybrid mechanical stirring and high frequency ultrasonic-assisted enzyme-catalysed process
title_short Synthesis of biodiesel from palm oil using a hybrid mechanical stirring and high frequency ultrasonic-assisted enzyme-catalysed process
title_full Synthesis of biodiesel from palm oil using a hybrid mechanical stirring and high frequency ultrasonic-assisted enzyme-catalysed process
title_fullStr Synthesis of biodiesel from palm oil using a hybrid mechanical stirring and high frequency ultrasonic-assisted enzyme-catalysed process
title_full_unstemmed Synthesis of biodiesel from palm oil using a hybrid mechanical stirring and high frequency ultrasonic-assisted enzyme-catalysed process
title_sort synthesis of biodiesel from palm oil using a hybrid mechanical stirring and high frequency ultrasonic-assisted enzyme-catalysed process
publisher Italian Association of Chemical Engineering - AIDIC
publishDate 2023
url http://eprints.utm.my/107244/1/TanLianSee2023_SynthesisofBiodieselfromPalmOil.pdf
http://eprints.utm.my/107244/
http://dx.doi.org/10.3303/CET23106177
_version_ 1809136646793199616
score 13.211869

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