Staff View: Investigation of ketal-acetin mixture synthesized from glycerol as a renewable additive for gasoline-ethanol fuel blend: Physicochemical characterization and engine combustion, performance, and emission assessment

Investigation of ketal-acetin mixture synthesized from glycerol as a renewable additive for gasoline-ethanol fuel blend: Physicochemical characterization and engine combustion, performance, and emission assessment

Fossil fuel combustion in internal combustion engines, especially gasoline engines, leads to urban air pollution and contributes to greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. Ethanol has long been considered a promising option to replace gasoline and reduce the amount of associated pollution. Desp...

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Main Authors:	Keshavarzi, Mohsen, Mohammadi, Pouya, Rastegari, Hajar, Lam, Su Shiung, Abas, Mohd. Azman, Chong, William Woei Fong, Hajiahmad, Ali, Peng, Wanxi, Aghbashlo, Mortaza, Tabatabaei, Meisam
Format:	Article
Published:	Elsevier Ltd 2023
Subjects:	TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/107187/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2023.128519
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id	my.utm.107187
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spelling	my.utm.1071872024-08-28T06:58:01Z http://eprints.utm.my/107187/ Investigation of ketal-acetin mixture synthesized from glycerol as a renewable additive for gasoline-ethanol fuel blend: Physicochemical characterization and engine combustion, performance, and emission assessment Keshavarzi, Mohsen Mohammadi, Pouya Rastegari, Hajar Lam, Su Shiung Abas, Mohd. Azman Chong, William Woei Fong Hajiahmad, Ali Peng, Wanxi Aghbashlo, Mortaza Tabatabaei, Meisam TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery Fossil fuel combustion in internal combustion engines, especially gasoline engines, leads to urban air pollution and contributes to greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. Ethanol has long been considered a promising option to replace gasoline and reduce the amount of associated pollution. Despite its advantages of improving fuel combustion and reducing pollutants, increasing nitrogen oxide emission is an environmental issue caused by using a high percentage of ethanol in fuel. Another challenge the biofuel industry faces is the crude glycerol produced as a by-product of the biodiesel production process, which requires a high-technology purification line, restricting biodiesel production capacity. Considering both challenges, the present study valorized glycerol into a fuel bio-additive, i.e., a ketal-acetin mixture, and developed gasoline-ethanol fuel formulations containing the synthesized bio-additive. To this end, the additive was synthesized through two-stage reactions, i.e., synthesizing acetin mixture using acetic acid and then ketalizing using acetone at specific reaction conditions. Afterward, different fuel samples were analyzed through a physicochemical study and tested in a spark-ignition engine setup. According to the results observed, adding a 2.5% ketal-acetin mixture to gasoline fuel containing 20% ethanol could improve brake power and thermal efficiency, especially at higher engine speeds. At higher engine speeds, there was a decrease in the brake specific fuel consumption values of the fuel sample containing a 2.5% ketal-acetin mixture. At the same time, besides maintaining the positive effects of ethanol presence in reducing engine exhaust emissions such as carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons, this fuel blend reduced nitrogen oxides mean values by 34.5%. Elsevier Ltd 2023 Article PeerReviewed Keshavarzi, Mohsen and Mohammadi, Pouya and Rastegari, Hajar and Lam, Su Shiung and Abas, Mohd. Azman and Chong, William Woei Fong and Hajiahmad, Ali and Peng, Wanxi and Aghbashlo, Mortaza and Tabatabaei, Meisam (2023) Investigation of ketal-acetin mixture synthesized from glycerol as a renewable additive for gasoline-ethanol fuel blend: Physicochemical characterization and engine combustion, performance, and emission assessment. Fuel, 348 (NA). NA-NA. ISSN 0016-2361 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2023.128519 DOI : 10.1016/j.fuel.2023.128519
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
building	UTM Library
collection	Institutional Repository
continent	Asia
country	Malaysia
content_provider	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
content_source	UTM Institutional Repository
url_provider	http://eprints.utm.my/
topic	TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery
spellingShingle	TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery Keshavarzi, Mohsen Mohammadi, Pouya Rastegari, Hajar Lam, Su Shiung Abas, Mohd. Azman Chong, William Woei Fong Hajiahmad, Ali Peng, Wanxi Aghbashlo, Mortaza Tabatabaei, Meisam Investigation of ketal-acetin mixture synthesized from glycerol as a renewable additive for gasoline-ethanol fuel blend: Physicochemical characterization and engine combustion, performance, and emission assessment
description	Fossil fuel combustion in internal combustion engines, especially gasoline engines, leads to urban air pollution and contributes to greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. Ethanol has long been considered a promising option to replace gasoline and reduce the amount of associated pollution. Despite its advantages of improving fuel combustion and reducing pollutants, increasing nitrogen oxide emission is an environmental issue caused by using a high percentage of ethanol in fuel. Another challenge the biofuel industry faces is the crude glycerol produced as a by-product of the biodiesel production process, which requires a high-technology purification line, restricting biodiesel production capacity. Considering both challenges, the present study valorized glycerol into a fuel bio-additive, i.e., a ketal-acetin mixture, and developed gasoline-ethanol fuel formulations containing the synthesized bio-additive. To this end, the additive was synthesized through two-stage reactions, i.e., synthesizing acetin mixture using acetic acid and then ketalizing using acetone at specific reaction conditions. Afterward, different fuel samples were analyzed through a physicochemical study and tested in a spark-ignition engine setup. According to the results observed, adding a 2.5% ketal-acetin mixture to gasoline fuel containing 20% ethanol could improve brake power and thermal efficiency, especially at higher engine speeds. At higher engine speeds, there was a decrease in the brake specific fuel consumption values of the fuel sample containing a 2.5% ketal-acetin mixture. At the same time, besides maintaining the positive effects of ethanol presence in reducing engine exhaust emissions such as carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons, this fuel blend reduced nitrogen oxides mean values by 34.5%.
format	Article
author	Keshavarzi, Mohsen Mohammadi, Pouya Rastegari, Hajar Lam, Su Shiung Abas, Mohd. Azman Chong, William Woei Fong Hajiahmad, Ali Peng, Wanxi Aghbashlo, Mortaza Tabatabaei, Meisam
author_facet	Keshavarzi, Mohsen Mohammadi, Pouya Rastegari, Hajar Lam, Su Shiung Abas, Mohd. Azman Chong, William Woei Fong Hajiahmad, Ali Peng, Wanxi Aghbashlo, Mortaza Tabatabaei, Meisam
author_sort	Keshavarzi, Mohsen
title	Investigation of ketal-acetin mixture synthesized from glycerol as a renewable additive for gasoline-ethanol fuel blend: Physicochemical characterization and engine combustion, performance, and emission assessment
title_short	Investigation of ketal-acetin mixture synthesized from glycerol as a renewable additive for gasoline-ethanol fuel blend: Physicochemical characterization and engine combustion, performance, and emission assessment
title_full	Investigation of ketal-acetin mixture synthesized from glycerol as a renewable additive for gasoline-ethanol fuel blend: Physicochemical characterization and engine combustion, performance, and emission assessment
title_fullStr	Investigation of ketal-acetin mixture synthesized from glycerol as a renewable additive for gasoline-ethanol fuel blend: Physicochemical characterization and engine combustion, performance, and emission assessment
title_full_unstemmed	Investigation of ketal-acetin mixture synthesized from glycerol as a renewable additive for gasoline-ethanol fuel blend: Physicochemical characterization and engine combustion, performance, and emission assessment
title_sort	investigation of ketal-acetin mixture synthesized from glycerol as a renewable additive for gasoline-ethanol fuel blend: physicochemical characterization and engine combustion, performance, and emission assessment
publisher	Elsevier Ltd
publishDate	2023
url	http://eprints.utm.my/107187/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2023.128519
_version_	1809136638695047168
score	13.211869

Investigation of ketal-acetin mixture synthesized from glycerol as a renewable additive for gasoline-ethanol fuel blend: Physicochemical characterization and engine combustion, performance, and emission assessment

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