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Characterization and performance of additive manufactured novel bio-waste polylactic acid eco-friendly composites.

The present work focusses on developing a completely sustainable, ecological, biodegradable, and eco-friendly composite material for edible as well as health product packaging utilizing an existing production technology. Ground chitin and chitosan powder were blended with eco-friendly polylactic aci...

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Main Authors:	Mansingh, Bright Brailson, Binoj, Joseph Selvi, Tan, Ze Quan, Wong, Wai Leong Eugene, mornsakchai, ATaweechai, Hassan, Shukur Abu, Goh, Kheng Lim
Format:	Article
Published:	Springer 2023
Subjects:	TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/107064/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10924-023-02758-5
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id	my.utm.107064
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spelling	my.utm.1070642024-08-21T06:37:38Z http://eprints.utm.my/107064/ Characterization and performance of additive manufactured novel bio-waste polylactic acid eco-friendly composites. Mansingh, Bright Brailson Binoj, Joseph Selvi Tan, Ze Quan Wong, Wai Leong Eugene mornsakchai, ATaweechai Hassan, Shukur Abu Goh, Kheng Lim TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery The present work focusses on developing a completely sustainable, ecological, biodegradable, and eco-friendly composite material for edible as well as health product packaging utilizing an existing production technology. Ground chitin and chitosan powder were blended with eco-friendly polylactic acid (PLA) pellets and transformed into filaments by an extrusion process; thereafter composite parts produced by 3D printing were subjected to mechanical testing, morphological examination, crystallographic examination, chemical composition analysis and thermal analysis. Composite specimens containing chitin and chitosan, respectively, were obtained with varying mass fraction. The 3D printed composite specimen containing respectively chitin and chitosan yielded reduced tensile and flexural properties; for instance, for Chitin/PLA composite with 0.5 wt% (chitin), the tensile strength and flexural strength were 6.9 MPa and 10.4 MPa respectively. The addition of chitin reinforcement to the eco-friendly composite led to increased density with a maximum value of 1.285 g/cm3 for Chitin/PLA composite at 0.5 wt% of chitin reinforcement. However, both Chitosan/PLA and Chitin/PLA composite exhibited enhanced ductility compared to neat PLA. Additionally, the micrographs of the composites revealed the presence of voids and impurity-like particle reflecting decomposed chitin and chitosan. Insights into the chemical bonding and composition were gained by analysing the Fourier transform infrared spectra; analysis of the X-ray diffraction pattern revealed the crystal size and crystallinity index with values of 7.7 nm and 62%, respectively (e.g. Chitin/PLA composite at 0.5 wt%). Finally, the thermogravimetric analysis revealed that both composite materials exhibited a thermal stability of around 257 °C. Altogether, these findings support the use of the Chitosan/PLA and Chitin/PLA composites in applications such as food product packaging. Springer 2023-06 Article PeerReviewed Mansingh, Bright Brailson and Binoj, Joseph Selvi and Tan, Ze Quan and Wong, Wai Leong Eugene and mornsakchai, ATaweechai and Hassan, Shukur Abu and Goh, Kheng Lim (2023) Characterization and performance of additive manufactured novel bio-waste polylactic acid eco-friendly composites. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 31 (6). pp. 2306-2320. ISSN 1566-2543 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10924-023-02758-5 DOI:10.1007/s10924-023-02758-5
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
building	UTM Library
collection	Institutional Repository
continent	Asia
country	Malaysia
content_provider	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
content_source	UTM Institutional Repository
url_provider	http://eprints.utm.my/
topic	TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery
spellingShingle	TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery Mansingh, Bright Brailson Binoj, Joseph Selvi Tan, Ze Quan Wong, Wai Leong Eugene mornsakchai, ATaweechai Hassan, Shukur Abu Goh, Kheng Lim Characterization and performance of additive manufactured novel bio-waste polylactic acid eco-friendly composites.
description	The present work focusses on developing a completely sustainable, ecological, biodegradable, and eco-friendly composite material for edible as well as health product packaging utilizing an existing production technology. Ground chitin and chitosan powder were blended with eco-friendly polylactic acid (PLA) pellets and transformed into filaments by an extrusion process; thereafter composite parts produced by 3D printing were subjected to mechanical testing, morphological examination, crystallographic examination, chemical composition analysis and thermal analysis. Composite specimens containing chitin and chitosan, respectively, were obtained with varying mass fraction. The 3D printed composite specimen containing respectively chitin and chitosan yielded reduced tensile and flexural properties; for instance, for Chitin/PLA composite with 0.5 wt% (chitin), the tensile strength and flexural strength were 6.9 MPa and 10.4 MPa respectively. The addition of chitin reinforcement to the eco-friendly composite led to increased density with a maximum value of 1.285 g/cm3 for Chitin/PLA composite at 0.5 wt% of chitin reinforcement. However, both Chitosan/PLA and Chitin/PLA composite exhibited enhanced ductility compared to neat PLA. Additionally, the micrographs of the composites revealed the presence of voids and impurity-like particle reflecting decomposed chitin and chitosan. Insights into the chemical bonding and composition were gained by analysing the Fourier transform infrared spectra; analysis of the X-ray diffraction pattern revealed the crystal size and crystallinity index with values of 7.7 nm and 62%, respectively (e.g. Chitin/PLA composite at 0.5 wt%). Finally, the thermogravimetric analysis revealed that both composite materials exhibited a thermal stability of around 257 °C. Altogether, these findings support the use of the Chitosan/PLA and Chitin/PLA composites in applications such as food product packaging.
format	Article
author	Mansingh, Bright Brailson Binoj, Joseph Selvi Tan, Ze Quan Wong, Wai Leong Eugene mornsakchai, ATaweechai Hassan, Shukur Abu Goh, Kheng Lim
author_facet	Mansingh, Bright Brailson Binoj, Joseph Selvi Tan, Ze Quan Wong, Wai Leong Eugene mornsakchai, ATaweechai Hassan, Shukur Abu Goh, Kheng Lim
author_sort	Mansingh, Bright Brailson
title	Characterization and performance of additive manufactured novel bio-waste polylactic acid eco-friendly composites.
title_short	Characterization and performance of additive manufactured novel bio-waste polylactic acid eco-friendly composites.
title_full	Characterization and performance of additive manufactured novel bio-waste polylactic acid eco-friendly composites.
title_fullStr	Characterization and performance of additive manufactured novel bio-waste polylactic acid eco-friendly composites.
title_full_unstemmed	Characterization and performance of additive manufactured novel bio-waste polylactic acid eco-friendly composites.
title_sort	characterization and performance of additive manufactured novel bio-waste polylactic acid eco-friendly composites.
publisher	Springer
publishDate	2023
url	http://eprints.utm.my/107064/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10924-023-02758-5
_version_	1809136620796903424
score	13.211869

Characterization and performance of additive manufactured novel bio-waste polylactic acid eco-friendly composites.

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