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Indoor positioning model based on people effect and ray tracing propagation

WLAN-fingerprinting has been highlighted as the preferred technology in an Indoor Positioning System (IPS) due to its accurate positioning results and minimal infrastructure cost. However, the accuracy of IPS fingerprinting is highly influenced by the fluctuation in signal strength as a result of en...

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Main Author: Firdaus, Firdaus
Format: Thesis
Language:English
Published: 2019
Subjects:
T Technology (General)
T58.5-58.64 Information technology
Online Access:http://eprints.utm.my/106958/1/FirdausPFTIR2020.pdf
http://eprints.utm.my/106958/
http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:156107?site_name=GlobalView&query=Indoor+positioning+model+based+on+people+effect+and+ray+tracing+propagation&queryType=vitalDismax
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spelling my.utm.1069582024-08-28T08:29:22Z http://eprints.utm.my/106958/ Indoor positioning model based on people effect and ray tracing propagation Firdaus, Firdaus T Technology (General) T58.5-58.64 Information technology WLAN-fingerprinting has been highlighted as the preferred technology in an Indoor Positioning System (IPS) due to its accurate positioning results and minimal infrastructure cost. However, the accuracy of IPS fingerprinting is highly influenced by the fluctuation in signal strength as a result of encountering obstacles. Many researchers have modelled static obstacles such as walls and ceilings, but hardly any have modelled the effect of people presence as an obstacle although the human body significantly impacts signal strength. Hence, the people presence effect must be considered to obtain highly accurate positioning results. Previous research proposed a model that only considered the direct path between the transmitter and the receiver. However, for indoor propagation, multipath effects such as reflection can also have a significant influence, but were not considered in past work. Therefore, this research proposes an accurate indoor positioning model that considers people presence using a ray tracing (AIRY) model in a dynamic environment which relies on existing infrastructure. Three solutions were proposed to construct AIRY: an automatic radio map using ray tracing (ARM-RT), a new human model in ray tracing (HUMORY), and a people effect constant for received signal strength indicator (RSSI) adaptation. At the offline stage, 30 RSSIs were recorded at each point using a smartphone to create a radio map database (523 points). The real-time RSSI was then compared to the radio map database at the online stage using MATLAB software to determine the user position (65 test points). The proposed model was tested at Level 3 of Razak Tower, UTM Kuala Lumpur (80 × 16 m). To test the influence of people presence, the number, position, and distance of the people around the mobile device (MD) were varied. The results showed that the closer the people were to the MD in both the Line of Sight (LOS) and Non-LOS position, the greater the decrease in RSSI, in which the increment number of people will increase the amount of reflection signals to be blocked. The signal strength reduction started from 0.5 dBm with two people and reached 0.9 dBm with seven people. In addition, the ray tracing model produced smaller errors on RSSI prediction than the multi-wall model when considering the effect of people presence. The k-nearest neighbour (KNN) algorithm was used to define the position. The initial accuracy was improved from 2.04 m to 0.57 m after people presence and multipath effects were considered. In conclusion, the proposed model successfully increased indoor positioning accuracy in a dynamic environment by overcoming the people presence effect. 2019 Thesis NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en http://eprints.utm.my/106958/1/FirdausPFTIR2020.pdf Firdaus, Firdaus (2019) Indoor positioning model based on people effect and ray tracing propagation. PhD thesis, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:156107?site_name=GlobalView&query=Indoor+positioning+model+based+on+people+effect+and+ray+tracing+propagation&queryType=vitalDismax
institution Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
building UTM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
content_source UTM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://eprints.utm.my/
language English
topic T Technology (General)
T58.5-58.64 Information technology
spellingShingle T Technology (General)
T58.5-58.64 Information technology
Firdaus, Firdaus
Indoor positioning model based on people effect and ray tracing propagation
description WLAN-fingerprinting has been highlighted as the preferred technology in an Indoor Positioning System (IPS) due to its accurate positioning results and minimal infrastructure cost. However, the accuracy of IPS fingerprinting is highly influenced by the fluctuation in signal strength as a result of encountering obstacles. Many researchers have modelled static obstacles such as walls and ceilings, but hardly any have modelled the effect of people presence as an obstacle although the human body significantly impacts signal strength. Hence, the people presence effect must be considered to obtain highly accurate positioning results. Previous research proposed a model that only considered the direct path between the transmitter and the receiver. However, for indoor propagation, multipath effects such as reflection can also have a significant influence, but were not considered in past work. Therefore, this research proposes an accurate indoor positioning model that considers people presence using a ray tracing (AIRY) model in a dynamic environment which relies on existing infrastructure. Three solutions were proposed to construct AIRY: an automatic radio map using ray tracing (ARM-RT), a new human model in ray tracing (HUMORY), and a people effect constant for received signal strength indicator (RSSI) adaptation. At the offline stage, 30 RSSIs were recorded at each point using a smartphone to create a radio map database (523 points). The real-time RSSI was then compared to the radio map database at the online stage using MATLAB software to determine the user position (65 test points). The proposed model was tested at Level 3 of Razak Tower, UTM Kuala Lumpur (80 × 16 m). To test the influence of people presence, the number, position, and distance of the people around the mobile device (MD) were varied. The results showed that the closer the people were to the MD in both the Line of Sight (LOS) and Non-LOS position, the greater the decrease in RSSI, in which the increment number of people will increase the amount of reflection signals to be blocked. The signal strength reduction started from 0.5 dBm with two people and reached 0.9 dBm with seven people. In addition, the ray tracing model produced smaller errors on RSSI prediction than the multi-wall model when considering the effect of people presence. The k-nearest neighbour (KNN) algorithm was used to define the position. The initial accuracy was improved from 2.04 m to 0.57 m after people presence and multipath effects were considered. In conclusion, the proposed model successfully increased indoor positioning accuracy in a dynamic environment by overcoming the people presence effect.
format Thesis
author Firdaus, Firdaus
author_facet Firdaus, Firdaus
author_sort Firdaus, Firdaus
title Indoor positioning model based on people effect and ray tracing propagation
title_short Indoor positioning model based on people effect and ray tracing propagation
title_full Indoor positioning model based on people effect and ray tracing propagation
title_fullStr Indoor positioning model based on people effect and ray tracing propagation
title_full_unstemmed Indoor positioning model based on people effect and ray tracing propagation
title_sort indoor positioning model based on people effect and ray tracing propagation
publishDate 2019
url http://eprints.utm.my/106958/1/FirdausPFTIR2020.pdf
http://eprints.utm.my/106958/
http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:156107?site_name=GlobalView&query=Indoor+positioning+model+based+on+people+effect+and+ray+tracing+propagation&queryType=vitalDismax
_version_ 1809136606230085632
score 13.211869

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