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Microplastics in facial cleanser: extraction, identification, potential toxicity, and continuous-flow removal using agricultural waste–based biochar

Microplastic (MP) is an emerging contaminant of concern due to its ubiquitous quantity in the environment, small size, and potential toxicity due to strong affinity towards other contaminants. In this work, MP particles (5–300 µm) were extracted from a commercial facial cleanser and determined to be...

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Main Authors:	Hanif, Muhammad Adli, Ibrahim, Naimah, Dahalan, Farrah Aini, Md. Ali, Umi Fazara, Hasan, Masitah, Azhari, Ayu Wazira, Abdul Jalil, Aishah
Format:	Article
Published:	Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH 2023
Subjects:	TP Chemical technology
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/106861/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-26741-8
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id	my.utm.106861
record_format	eprints
spelling	my.utm.1068612024-08-01T05:39:19Z http://eprints.utm.my/106861/ Microplastics in facial cleanser: extraction, identification, potential toxicity, and continuous-flow removal using agricultural waste–based biochar Hanif, Muhammad Adli Ibrahim, Naimah Dahalan, Farrah Aini Md. Ali, Umi Fazara Hasan, Masitah Azhari, Ayu Wazira Abdul Jalil, Aishah TP Chemical technology Microplastic (MP) is an emerging contaminant of concern due to its ubiquitous quantity in the environment, small size, and potential toxicity due to strong affinity towards other contaminants. In this work, MP particles (5–300 µm) were extracted from a commercial facial cleanser and determined to be irregular polyethylene (PE) microbeads based on characterization with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and Raman spectroscopy. The potential of extracted MP acting as toxic pollutants’ vector was analyzed via adsorption of methylene blue and methyl orange dye where significant dye uptake was observed. Synthetic wastewater containing the extracted MP was subjected to a continuous-flow column study using palm kernel shell and coconut shell biochar as the filter/adsorbent media. The prepared biochar was characterized via proximate and ultimate analysis, FESEM, contact angle measurement, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to investigate the role of the biochar properties in MP removal. MP removal performance was determined by measuring the turbidity and weighing the dry mass of particles remaining in the effluent following treatment. Promising results were obtained from the study with highest removal of MP (96.65%) attained through palm kernel shell biochar with particle size of 0.6–1.18 mm and continuous-flow column size of 20 mm. Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH 2023 Article PeerReviewed Hanif, Muhammad Adli and Ibrahim, Naimah and Dahalan, Farrah Aini and Md. Ali, Umi Fazara and Hasan, Masitah and Azhari, Ayu Wazira and Abdul Jalil, Aishah (2023) Microplastics in facial cleanser: extraction, identification, potential toxicity, and continuous-flow removal using agricultural waste–based biochar. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30 (21). pp. 60106-60120. ISSN 0944-1344 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-26741-8 DOI : 10.1007/s11356-023-26741-8
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
building	UTM Library
collection	Institutional Repository
continent	Asia
country	Malaysia
content_provider	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
content_source	UTM Institutional Repository
url_provider	http://eprints.utm.my/
topic	TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle	TP Chemical technology Hanif, Muhammad Adli Ibrahim, Naimah Dahalan, Farrah Aini Md. Ali, Umi Fazara Hasan, Masitah Azhari, Ayu Wazira Abdul Jalil, Aishah Microplastics in facial cleanser: extraction, identification, potential toxicity, and continuous-flow removal using agricultural waste–based biochar
description	Microplastic (MP) is an emerging contaminant of concern due to its ubiquitous quantity in the environment, small size, and potential toxicity due to strong affinity towards other contaminants. In this work, MP particles (5–300 µm) were extracted from a commercial facial cleanser and determined to be irregular polyethylene (PE) microbeads based on characterization with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and Raman spectroscopy. The potential of extracted MP acting as toxic pollutants’ vector was analyzed via adsorption of methylene blue and methyl orange dye where significant dye uptake was observed. Synthetic wastewater containing the extracted MP was subjected to a continuous-flow column study using palm kernel shell and coconut shell biochar as the filter/adsorbent media. The prepared biochar was characterized via proximate and ultimate analysis, FESEM, contact angle measurement, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to investigate the role of the biochar properties in MP removal. MP removal performance was determined by measuring the turbidity and weighing the dry mass of particles remaining in the effluent following treatment. Promising results were obtained from the study with highest removal of MP (96.65%) attained through palm kernel shell biochar with particle size of 0.6–1.18 mm and continuous-flow column size of 20 mm.
format	Article
author	Hanif, Muhammad Adli Ibrahim, Naimah Dahalan, Farrah Aini Md. Ali, Umi Fazara Hasan, Masitah Azhari, Ayu Wazira Abdul Jalil, Aishah
author_facet	Hanif, Muhammad Adli Ibrahim, Naimah Dahalan, Farrah Aini Md. Ali, Umi Fazara Hasan, Masitah Azhari, Ayu Wazira Abdul Jalil, Aishah
author_sort	Hanif, Muhammad Adli
title	Microplastics in facial cleanser: extraction, identification, potential toxicity, and continuous-flow removal using agricultural waste–based biochar
title_short	Microplastics in facial cleanser: extraction, identification, potential toxicity, and continuous-flow removal using agricultural waste–based biochar
title_full	Microplastics in facial cleanser: extraction, identification, potential toxicity, and continuous-flow removal using agricultural waste–based biochar
title_fullStr	Microplastics in facial cleanser: extraction, identification, potential toxicity, and continuous-flow removal using agricultural waste–based biochar
title_full_unstemmed	Microplastics in facial cleanser: extraction, identification, potential toxicity, and continuous-flow removal using agricultural waste–based biochar
title_sort	microplastics in facial cleanser: extraction, identification, potential toxicity, and continuous-flow removal using agricultural waste–based biochar
publisher	Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
publishDate	2023
url	http://eprints.utm.my/106861/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-26741-8
_version_	1806442419535740928
score	13.211869

Microplastics in facial cleanser: extraction, identification, potential toxicity, and continuous-flow removal using agricultural waste–based biochar

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