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Evaluation of climate change effects on rain rate distribution in Malaysia using hydro-estimator for 5G and microwave links

Wireless transmissions at more than 10GHz can experience signal fading caused by the presence of hydrometeor particles in the atmosphere. Among these hydrometeors, rain is the largest contributor to the fading mechanism. Rain fade can be predicted or calculated using rain rate measurements. With cli...

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Main Authors: Basarudin, Hafiz, Mohd. Yunus, Noor Hidayah, Ramli, Aizat Faiz, Mansor, Zuhanis, Sali, Aduwati, Gan, Hong Seng, Abu, Mohd. Azlan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Dr D. Pylarinos 2023
Subjects:
T Technology (General)
Online Access:http://eprints.utm.my/106810/1/MohdAzlanAbu2023_EvaluationofClimateChangeEffectsonRain.pdf
http://eprints.utm.my/106810/
http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.5552
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spelling my.utm.1068102024-07-30T08:29:32Z http://eprints.utm.my/106810/ Evaluation of climate change effects on rain rate distribution in Malaysia using hydro-estimator for 5G and microwave links Basarudin, Hafiz Mohd. Yunus, Noor Hidayah Ramli, Aizat Faiz Mansor, Zuhanis Sali, Aduwati Gan, Hong Seng Abu, Mohd. Azlan T Technology (General) Wireless transmissions at more than 10GHz can experience signal fading caused by the presence of hydrometeor particles in the atmosphere. Among these hydrometeors, rain is the largest contributor to the fading mechanism. Rain fade can be predicted or calculated using rain rate measurements. With climate change affecting the world due to the rise of carbon dioxide in the air, it is expected to affect the distribution of rainfall, which ultimately affects rain fade. This paper investigates the effects of climate change on rain rate distribution in Malaysia. Ten years of Hydro-Estimator data containing rainfall rates in Peninsular Malaysia and the Sabah and Sarawak region from 2011 to 2020 were collected and analyzed. Using the linear regression method, a small increment of rain rate distribution at 0.01% annual probability was detected for all regions, indicating a climate change effect on the rain rate distribution. For Peninsular Malaysia, the rate was 0.2356mm/hr per year while for the Sabah and Sarawak region, it was 0.4046mm/hr per year. An increase in the rain rate would increase the rain fade, causing signal losses and distortions in high-frequency wireless communication signals. The evaluation of climate change effects on the rain rate and rain fade distributions can help in developing a long-term prediction of the signal performance in 5G systems and high-frequency radio link frequencies due to hydrometeors. Dr D. Pylarinos 2023 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://eprints.utm.my/106810/1/MohdAzlanAbu2023_EvaluationofClimateChangeEffectsonRain.pdf Basarudin, Hafiz and Mohd. Yunus, Noor Hidayah and Ramli, Aizat Faiz and Mansor, Zuhanis and Sali, Aduwati and Gan, Hong Seng and Abu, Mohd. Azlan (2023) Evaluation of climate change effects on rain rate distribution in Malaysia using hydro-estimator for 5G and microwave links. Engineering, Technology and Applied Science Research, 13 (4). pp. 11064-11069. ISSN 2241-4487 http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.5552 DOI : 10.48084/etasr.5552
institution Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
building UTM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
content_source UTM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://eprints.utm.my/
language English
topic T Technology (General)
spellingShingle T Technology (General)
Basarudin, Hafiz
Mohd. Yunus, Noor Hidayah
Ramli, Aizat Faiz
Mansor, Zuhanis
Sali, Aduwati
Gan, Hong Seng
Abu, Mohd. Azlan
Evaluation of climate change effects on rain rate distribution in Malaysia using hydro-estimator for 5G and microwave links
description Wireless transmissions at more than 10GHz can experience signal fading caused by the presence of hydrometeor particles in the atmosphere. Among these hydrometeors, rain is the largest contributor to the fading mechanism. Rain fade can be predicted or calculated using rain rate measurements. With climate change affecting the world due to the rise of carbon dioxide in the air, it is expected to affect the distribution of rainfall, which ultimately affects rain fade. This paper investigates the effects of climate change on rain rate distribution in Malaysia. Ten years of Hydro-Estimator data containing rainfall rates in Peninsular Malaysia and the Sabah and Sarawak region from 2011 to 2020 were collected and analyzed. Using the linear regression method, a small increment of rain rate distribution at 0.01% annual probability was detected for all regions, indicating a climate change effect on the rain rate distribution. For Peninsular Malaysia, the rate was 0.2356mm/hr per year while for the Sabah and Sarawak region, it was 0.4046mm/hr per year. An increase in the rain rate would increase the rain fade, causing signal losses and distortions in high-frequency wireless communication signals. The evaluation of climate change effects on the rain rate and rain fade distributions can help in developing a long-term prediction of the signal performance in 5G systems and high-frequency radio link frequencies due to hydrometeors.
format Article
author Basarudin, Hafiz
Mohd. Yunus, Noor Hidayah
Ramli, Aizat Faiz
Mansor, Zuhanis
Sali, Aduwati
Gan, Hong Seng
Abu, Mohd. Azlan
author_facet Basarudin, Hafiz
Mohd. Yunus, Noor Hidayah
Ramli, Aizat Faiz
Mansor, Zuhanis
Sali, Aduwati
Gan, Hong Seng
Abu, Mohd. Azlan
author_sort Basarudin, Hafiz
title Evaluation of climate change effects on rain rate distribution in Malaysia using hydro-estimator for 5G and microwave links
title_short Evaluation of climate change effects on rain rate distribution in Malaysia using hydro-estimator for 5G and microwave links
title_full Evaluation of climate change effects on rain rate distribution in Malaysia using hydro-estimator for 5G and microwave links
title_fullStr Evaluation of climate change effects on rain rate distribution in Malaysia using hydro-estimator for 5G and microwave links
title_full_unstemmed Evaluation of climate change effects on rain rate distribution in Malaysia using hydro-estimator for 5G and microwave links
title_sort evaluation of climate change effects on rain rate distribution in malaysia using hydro-estimator for 5g and microwave links
publisher Dr D. Pylarinos
publishDate 2023
url http://eprints.utm.my/106810/1/MohdAzlanAbu2023_EvaluationofClimateChangeEffectsonRain.pdf
http://eprints.utm.my/106810/
http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.5552
_version_ 1806442413840924672
score 13.211869

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