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Selectively mixed matrix hemodialysis membrane for adequate clearance of p-cresol by the incorporation of imprinted zeolite

The adequacy in uremic toxin removal upon hemodialysis treatment is essential in patients with kidney failure diseases as poor removal leads to heart failure, hypertension, and stroke. The combination of adsorption and diffusion processes has become very advantageous for hemodialysis membranes. By t...

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Main Authors:	Yanuardi Raharjo, Yanuardi Raharjo, Ismail, Ahmad Fauzi, Othman, Mohd. Hafiz Dzarfan, Mochamad Zakki Fahmi, Mochamad Zakki Fahmi, Saiful, Saiful, Djoko Santoso, Djoko Santoso, Mochamad Ifan Nugroho, Mochamad Ifan Nugroho, Diana Merna, Diana Merna, Maipha Deapati Ariefa, Maipha Deapati Ariefa, Risma Chikita Pratama, Risma Chikita Pratama
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Royal Society of Chemistry 2023
Subjects:	Q Science (General) QD Chemistry
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/106697/1/MohdHafizDzarfan2023_SelectivelyMixedMatrixHemodialysisMembrane.pdf http://eprints.utm.my/106697/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra07557a
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spelling	my.utm.1066972024-07-15T06:48:39Z http://eprints.utm.my/106697/ Selectively mixed matrix hemodialysis membrane for adequate clearance of p-cresol by the incorporation of imprinted zeolite Yanuardi Raharjo, Yanuardi Raharjo Ismail, Ahmad Fauzi Othman, Mohd. Hafiz Dzarfan Mochamad Zakki Fahmi, Mochamad Zakki Fahmi Saiful, Saiful Djoko Santoso, Djoko Santoso Mochamad Ifan Nugroho, Mochamad Ifan Nugroho Diana Merna, Diana Merna Maipha Deapati Ariefa, Maipha Deapati Ariefa Risma Chikita Pratama, Risma Chikita Pratama Q Science (General) QD Chemistry The adequacy in uremic toxin removal upon hemodialysis treatment is essential in patients with kidney failure diseases as poor removal leads to heart failure, hypertension, and stroke. The combination of adsorption and diffusion processes has become very advantageous for hemodialysis membranes. By this mechanism, water-soluble uremic toxins (WSUTs) and protein-bounded uremic toxins (PBUTs) could be removed at one time. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a novel imprinted zeolite by p-cresol (IZC) and then incorporated it into polyethersulfone (PES) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) to produce hollow fiber mixed matrix membrane (HF-MMM). The IZC proved to be sensitive in attracting the adsorbate, classifying it as having a strong adsorption behavior. Accordingly, IZC is very promising to be applied as an adsorbent in the hemodialysis treatment. In this study, IZC as p-cresol's adsorbent was incorporated into a PES-based polymeric membrane with a small addition of PVP to produce HF-MMM using a dry/wet spinning process. The effect of air gap distance between the spinneret and coagulant bath and percentage loading for PES, PVP, and IZC were studied and optimized to obtain the best performance of HF-MMM. The 40 cm of air gap distance, 16 wt% of PES, 2 wt% of PVP, and 1 wt% of IZC loading were able to produce a superior hemodialysis membrane. These optimized parameters showed sufficient uremic toxin removal, i.e., 60.74% of urea, 52.35% of p-cresol in the phosphate buffer saline solution, and 66.29% of p-cresol in bovine serum albumin solution for 4 h permeation using the dialysis system. These HF-MMMs also achieved pure water flux of 67.57 L m-2 h-1 bar-1 and bovine serum albumin rejection of 95.05%. Therefore, this membrane has proven to be able to clean up WSUT and PBUT through a one-step process. Moreover, as compared to the neat PES membrane, MMM was able to remove p-cresol at 186.22 times higher capability. Royal Society of Chemistry 2023-01-19 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://eprints.utm.my/106697/1/MohdHafizDzarfan2023_SelectivelyMixedMatrixHemodialysisMembrane.pdf Yanuardi Raharjo, Yanuardi Raharjo and Ismail, Ahmad Fauzi and Othman, Mohd. Hafiz Dzarfan and Mochamad Zakki Fahmi, Mochamad Zakki Fahmi and Saiful, Saiful and Djoko Santoso, Djoko Santoso and Mochamad Ifan Nugroho, Mochamad Ifan Nugroho and Diana Merna, Diana Merna and Maipha Deapati Ariefa, Maipha Deapati Ariefa and Risma Chikita Pratama, Risma Chikita Pratama (2023) Selectively mixed matrix hemodialysis membrane for adequate clearance of p-cresol by the incorporation of imprinted zeolite. RSC Advances, 13 (5). pp. 2972-2983. ISSN 2046-2069 http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra07557a DOI:10.1039/d2ra07557a
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
building	UTM Library
collection	Institutional Repository
continent	Asia
country	Malaysia
content_provider	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
content_source	UTM Institutional Repository
url_provider	http://eprints.utm.my/
language	English
topic	Q Science (General) QD Chemistry
spellingShingle	Q Science (General) QD Chemistry Yanuardi Raharjo, Yanuardi Raharjo Ismail, Ahmad Fauzi Othman, Mohd. Hafiz Dzarfan Mochamad Zakki Fahmi, Mochamad Zakki Fahmi Saiful, Saiful Djoko Santoso, Djoko Santoso Mochamad Ifan Nugroho, Mochamad Ifan Nugroho Diana Merna, Diana Merna Maipha Deapati Ariefa, Maipha Deapati Ariefa Risma Chikita Pratama, Risma Chikita Pratama Selectively mixed matrix hemodialysis membrane for adequate clearance of p-cresol by the incorporation of imprinted zeolite
description	The adequacy in uremic toxin removal upon hemodialysis treatment is essential in patients with kidney failure diseases as poor removal leads to heart failure, hypertension, and stroke. The combination of adsorption and diffusion processes has become very advantageous for hemodialysis membranes. By this mechanism, water-soluble uremic toxins (WSUTs) and protein-bounded uremic toxins (PBUTs) could be removed at one time. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a novel imprinted zeolite by p-cresol (IZC) and then incorporated it into polyethersulfone (PES) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) to produce hollow fiber mixed matrix membrane (HF-MMM). The IZC proved to be sensitive in attracting the adsorbate, classifying it as having a strong adsorption behavior. Accordingly, IZC is very promising to be applied as an adsorbent in the hemodialysis treatment. In this study, IZC as p-cresol's adsorbent was incorporated into a PES-based polymeric membrane with a small addition of PVP to produce HF-MMM using a dry/wet spinning process. The effect of air gap distance between the spinneret and coagulant bath and percentage loading for PES, PVP, and IZC were studied and optimized to obtain the best performance of HF-MMM. The 40 cm of air gap distance, 16 wt% of PES, 2 wt% of PVP, and 1 wt% of IZC loading were able to produce a superior hemodialysis membrane. These optimized parameters showed sufficient uremic toxin removal, i.e., 60.74% of urea, 52.35% of p-cresol in the phosphate buffer saline solution, and 66.29% of p-cresol in bovine serum albumin solution for 4 h permeation using the dialysis system. These HF-MMMs also achieved pure water flux of 67.57 L m-2 h-1 bar-1 and bovine serum albumin rejection of 95.05%. Therefore, this membrane has proven to be able to clean up WSUT and PBUT through a one-step process. Moreover, as compared to the neat PES membrane, MMM was able to remove p-cresol at 186.22 times higher capability.
format	Article
author	Yanuardi Raharjo, Yanuardi Raharjo Ismail, Ahmad Fauzi Othman, Mohd. Hafiz Dzarfan Mochamad Zakki Fahmi, Mochamad Zakki Fahmi Saiful, Saiful Djoko Santoso, Djoko Santoso Mochamad Ifan Nugroho, Mochamad Ifan Nugroho Diana Merna, Diana Merna Maipha Deapati Ariefa, Maipha Deapati Ariefa Risma Chikita Pratama, Risma Chikita Pratama
author_facet	Yanuardi Raharjo, Yanuardi Raharjo Ismail, Ahmad Fauzi Othman, Mohd. Hafiz Dzarfan Mochamad Zakki Fahmi, Mochamad Zakki Fahmi Saiful, Saiful Djoko Santoso, Djoko Santoso Mochamad Ifan Nugroho, Mochamad Ifan Nugroho Diana Merna, Diana Merna Maipha Deapati Ariefa, Maipha Deapati Ariefa Risma Chikita Pratama, Risma Chikita Pratama
author_sort	Yanuardi Raharjo, Yanuardi Raharjo
title	Selectively mixed matrix hemodialysis membrane for adequate clearance of p-cresol by the incorporation of imprinted zeolite
title_short	Selectively mixed matrix hemodialysis membrane for adequate clearance of p-cresol by the incorporation of imprinted zeolite
title_full	Selectively mixed matrix hemodialysis membrane for adequate clearance of p-cresol by the incorporation of imprinted zeolite
title_fullStr	Selectively mixed matrix hemodialysis membrane for adequate clearance of p-cresol by the incorporation of imprinted zeolite
title_full_unstemmed	Selectively mixed matrix hemodialysis membrane for adequate clearance of p-cresol by the incorporation of imprinted zeolite
title_sort	selectively mixed matrix hemodialysis membrane for adequate clearance of p-cresol by the incorporation of imprinted zeolite
publisher	Royal Society of Chemistry
publishDate	2023
url	http://eprints.utm.my/106697/1/MohdHafizDzarfan2023_SelectivelyMixedMatrixHemodialysisMembrane.pdf http://eprints.utm.my/106697/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra07557a
_version_	1805880853962686464
score	13.223943

Selectively mixed matrix hemodialysis membrane for adequate clearance of p-cresol by the incorporation of imprinted zeolite

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