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Relative sea level trends for the coastal areas of peninsular and East Malaysia based on remote and in situ observations

Absolute sea-level rise has become an important topic globally due to climate change. In addition, relative sea-level rise due to the vertical land motion in coastal areas can have a big societal impact. Vertical land motion (VLM) in Southeast Asia includes a tectonically induced component: uplift a...

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Main Authors: Simons, Wim, Naeije, Marc, Ghazali, Zaki, Rahman, Wan Darani, Cob, Sanusi, Kadir, Majid, Mustafar, Asrul, Hassan Din, Ami, Joni Efendi, Joni Efendi, Noppradit, Prakrit
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI 2023
Subjects:
G70.39-70.6 Remote sensing
GC Oceanography
Online Access:http://eprints.utm.my/106666/1/AmiHassanDin2023_RelativeSeaLevelTrendsfortheCoastalAreas.pdf
http://eprints.utm.my/106666/
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15041113
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spelling my.utm.1066662024-07-14T09:34:56Z http://eprints.utm.my/106666/ Relative sea level trends for the coastal areas of peninsular and East Malaysia based on remote and in situ observations Simons, Wim Naeije, Marc Ghazali, Zaki Rahman, Wan Darani Cob, Sanusi Kadir, Majid Mustafar, Asrul Hassan Din, Ami Joni Efendi, Joni Efendi Noppradit, Prakrit G70.39-70.6 Remote sensing GC Oceanography Absolute sea-level rise has become an important topic globally due to climate change. In addition, relative sea-level rise due to the vertical land motion in coastal areas can have a big societal impact. Vertical land motion (VLM) in Southeast Asia includes a tectonically induced component: uplift and subsidence in plate boundary zones where both Peninsular and East Malaysia are located. In this paper, the relative sea-level trends and (seismic cycle-induced) temporal changes across Malaysia were investigated. To do so, the data (1984–2019) from 21 tide gauges were analyzed, along with a subset (1994–2021) of nearby Malaysian GNSS stations. Changes in absolute sea level (ASL) at these locations (1992–2021) were also estimated from satellite altimetry data. As a first for Peninsular and East Malaysia, the combination ASL minus VLM was robustly used to validate relative sea-level rise from tide-gauge data and provide relative sea-level trend estimates based on a common data period of 25+ years. A good match between both the remote and in situ sea-level rise estimations was observed, especially for Peninsular Malaysia (differences < 1 mm/year), when split trends were estimated from the tide gauges and GNSS time series to distinguish between the different VLM regimes that exist due to the 2004 Sumatra–Andaman megathrust earthquake. As in the south of Thailand, post-seismic-induced negative VLM has increased relative sea-level rise by 2–3 mm/year along the Andaman Sea and Malacca Strait coastlines since 2005. For East Malaysia, the validation shows higher differences (bias of 2–3 mm/year), but this poorer match is significantly improved by either not including data after 1 January 2014 or applying a generic jump to all East Malay tide gauges from that date onwards. Overall, the present relative sea-level trends range from 4 to 6 mm/year for Malaysia with a few regions showing up to 9 mm/year due to human-induced land subsidence. MDPI 2023-02 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://eprints.utm.my/106666/1/AmiHassanDin2023_RelativeSeaLevelTrendsfortheCoastalAreas.pdf Simons, Wim and Naeije, Marc and Ghazali, Zaki and Rahman, Wan Darani and Cob, Sanusi and Kadir, Majid and Mustafar, Asrul and Hassan Din, Ami and Joni Efendi, Joni Efendi and Noppradit, Prakrit (2023) Relative sea level trends for the coastal areas of peninsular and East Malaysia based on remote and in situ observations. Remote Sensing, 15 (4). pp. 1-28. ISSN 2072-4292 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15041113 DOI:10.3390/rs15041113
institution Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
building UTM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
content_source UTM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://eprints.utm.my/
language English
topic G70.39-70.6 Remote sensing
GC Oceanography
spellingShingle G70.39-70.6 Remote sensing
GC Oceanography
Simons, Wim
Naeije, Marc
Ghazali, Zaki
Rahman, Wan Darani
Cob, Sanusi
Kadir, Majid
Mustafar, Asrul
Hassan Din, Ami
Joni Efendi, Joni Efendi
Noppradit, Prakrit
Relative sea level trends for the coastal areas of peninsular and East Malaysia based on remote and in situ observations
description Absolute sea-level rise has become an important topic globally due to climate change. In addition, relative sea-level rise due to the vertical land motion in coastal areas can have a big societal impact. Vertical land motion (VLM) in Southeast Asia includes a tectonically induced component: uplift and subsidence in plate boundary zones where both Peninsular and East Malaysia are located. In this paper, the relative sea-level trends and (seismic cycle-induced) temporal changes across Malaysia were investigated. To do so, the data (1984–2019) from 21 tide gauges were analyzed, along with a subset (1994–2021) of nearby Malaysian GNSS stations. Changes in absolute sea level (ASL) at these locations (1992–2021) were also estimated from satellite altimetry data. As a first for Peninsular and East Malaysia, the combination ASL minus VLM was robustly used to validate relative sea-level rise from tide-gauge data and provide relative sea-level trend estimates based on a common data period of 25+ years. A good match between both the remote and in situ sea-level rise estimations was observed, especially for Peninsular Malaysia (differences < 1 mm/year), when split trends were estimated from the tide gauges and GNSS time series to distinguish between the different VLM regimes that exist due to the 2004 Sumatra–Andaman megathrust earthquake. As in the south of Thailand, post-seismic-induced negative VLM has increased relative sea-level rise by 2–3 mm/year along the Andaman Sea and Malacca Strait coastlines since 2005. For East Malaysia, the validation shows higher differences (bias of 2–3 mm/year), but this poorer match is significantly improved by either not including data after 1 January 2014 or applying a generic jump to all East Malay tide gauges from that date onwards. Overall, the present relative sea-level trends range from 4 to 6 mm/year for Malaysia with a few regions showing up to 9 mm/year due to human-induced land subsidence.
format Article
author Simons, Wim
Naeije, Marc
Ghazali, Zaki
Rahman, Wan Darani
Cob, Sanusi
Kadir, Majid
Mustafar, Asrul
Hassan Din, Ami
Joni Efendi, Joni Efendi
Noppradit, Prakrit
author_facet Simons, Wim
Naeije, Marc
Ghazali, Zaki
Rahman, Wan Darani
Cob, Sanusi
Kadir, Majid
Mustafar, Asrul
Hassan Din, Ami
Joni Efendi, Joni Efendi
Noppradit, Prakrit
author_sort Simons, Wim
title Relative sea level trends for the coastal areas of peninsular and East Malaysia based on remote and in situ observations
title_short Relative sea level trends for the coastal areas of peninsular and East Malaysia based on remote and in situ observations
title_full Relative sea level trends for the coastal areas of peninsular and East Malaysia based on remote and in situ observations
title_fullStr Relative sea level trends for the coastal areas of peninsular and East Malaysia based on remote and in situ observations
title_full_unstemmed Relative sea level trends for the coastal areas of peninsular and East Malaysia based on remote and in situ observations
title_sort relative sea level trends for the coastal areas of peninsular and east malaysia based on remote and in situ observations
publisher MDPI
publishDate 2023
url http://eprints.utm.my/106666/1/AmiHassanDin2023_RelativeSeaLevelTrendsfortheCoastalAreas.pdf
http://eprints.utm.my/106666/
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15041113
_version_ 1805880849365729280
score 13.211869

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