Staff View: Emerging trends in flame retardancy of rigid polyurethane foam and its composites: A review.

Emerging trends in flame retardancy of rigid polyurethane foam and its composites: A review.

Owing to the superior thermal insulating attributes of rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) compared to other insulating materials (expanded and extruded polystyrene, mineral wool), it remains the most dominant insulating material and most studied polymer foam. Like other polyurethane foam, RPUF is highly...

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Main Authors:	Muhammed Raji, Abdulwasiu, Hambali, Hambali Umar, Khan, Zahid Iqbal, Mohamad, Zurina, Azman, Hassan, Ogabi, Raphael
Format:	Article
Published:	SAGE Publications Ltd. 2023
Subjects:	TP Chemical technology
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/106339/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021955X221144564
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spelling	my.utm.1063392024-06-29T06:48:37Z http://eprints.utm.my/106339/ Emerging trends in flame retardancy of rigid polyurethane foam and its composites: A review. Muhammed Raji, Abdulwasiu Hambali, Hambali Umar Khan, Zahid Iqbal Mohamad, Zurina Azman, Hassan Ogabi, Raphael TP Chemical technology Owing to the superior thermal insulating attributes of rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) compared to other insulating materials (expanded and extruded polystyrene, mineral wool), it remains the most dominant insulating material and most studied polymer foam. Like other polyurethane foam, RPUF is highly flammable, necessitating the incorporation of flame retardants (FR) during production to lower combustibility, promoting its continuous use as insulation material in construction, transportation, and others. The popular approaches for correcting the high flammability of RPUF are copolymerization and blending (with FR). The second method has proven to be most effective as there are limited trade-offs in RPUF properties. Meanwhile, the high flammability of RPUF is still a significant hindrance in emerging applications (sensors, space travel, and others), and this has continuously inspired research in the flame retardancy of RPUF. In this study, properties, and preparation methods of RPUF are described, factors responsible for the high flammability of PUF are discussed, and flame retardancy of RPUF is thoroughly reviewed. Notably, most FR for RPUF are inorganic nanoparticles, lignin, intumescent FR systems of expandable graphite (EG), ammonium polyphosphate (APP), and hybridized APP or EG with other FR. These could be due to their ease of processing, low cost, and being environmentally benign. Elaborate discussion on RPUF FR mechanisms were also highlighted. Lastly, a summary and future perspectives in fireproofing RPUF are provided, which could inspire the design of new FR for RPUF. SAGE Publications Ltd. 2023-01 Article PeerReviewed Muhammed Raji, Abdulwasiu and Hambali, Hambali Umar and Khan, Zahid Iqbal and Mohamad, Zurina and Azman, Hassan and Ogabi, Raphael (2023) Emerging trends in flame retardancy of rigid polyurethane foam and its composites: A review. Journal of Cellular Plastics, 59 (1). pp. 65-122. ISSN 0021-955X http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021955X221144564 DOI: 10.1177/0021955X221144564
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
building	UTM Library
collection	Institutional Repository
continent	Asia
country	Malaysia
content_provider	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
content_source	UTM Institutional Repository
url_provider	http://eprints.utm.my/
topic	TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle	TP Chemical technology Muhammed Raji, Abdulwasiu Hambali, Hambali Umar Khan, Zahid Iqbal Mohamad, Zurina Azman, Hassan Ogabi, Raphael Emerging trends in flame retardancy of rigid polyurethane foam and its composites: A review.
description	Owing to the superior thermal insulating attributes of rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) compared to other insulating materials (expanded and extruded polystyrene, mineral wool), it remains the most dominant insulating material and most studied polymer foam. Like other polyurethane foam, RPUF is highly flammable, necessitating the incorporation of flame retardants (FR) during production to lower combustibility, promoting its continuous use as insulation material in construction, transportation, and others. The popular approaches for correcting the high flammability of RPUF are copolymerization and blending (with FR). The second method has proven to be most effective as there are limited trade-offs in RPUF properties. Meanwhile, the high flammability of RPUF is still a significant hindrance in emerging applications (sensors, space travel, and others), and this has continuously inspired research in the flame retardancy of RPUF. In this study, properties, and preparation methods of RPUF are described, factors responsible for the high flammability of PUF are discussed, and flame retardancy of RPUF is thoroughly reviewed. Notably, most FR for RPUF are inorganic nanoparticles, lignin, intumescent FR systems of expandable graphite (EG), ammonium polyphosphate (APP), and hybridized APP or EG with other FR. These could be due to their ease of processing, low cost, and being environmentally benign. Elaborate discussion on RPUF FR mechanisms were also highlighted. Lastly, a summary and future perspectives in fireproofing RPUF are provided, which could inspire the design of new FR for RPUF.
format	Article
author	Muhammed Raji, Abdulwasiu Hambali, Hambali Umar Khan, Zahid Iqbal Mohamad, Zurina Azman, Hassan Ogabi, Raphael
author_facet	Muhammed Raji, Abdulwasiu Hambali, Hambali Umar Khan, Zahid Iqbal Mohamad, Zurina Azman, Hassan Ogabi, Raphael
author_sort	Muhammed Raji, Abdulwasiu
title	Emerging trends in flame retardancy of rigid polyurethane foam and its composites: A review.
title_short	Emerging trends in flame retardancy of rigid polyurethane foam and its composites: A review.
title_full	Emerging trends in flame retardancy of rigid polyurethane foam and its composites: A review.
title_fullStr	Emerging trends in flame retardancy of rigid polyurethane foam and its composites: A review.
title_full_unstemmed	Emerging trends in flame retardancy of rigid polyurethane foam and its composites: A review.
title_sort	emerging trends in flame retardancy of rigid polyurethane foam and its composites: a review.
publisher	SAGE Publications Ltd.
publishDate	2023
url	http://eprints.utm.my/106339/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021955X221144564
_version_	1803334994174672896
score	13.211869

Emerging trends in flame retardancy of rigid polyurethane foam and its composites: A review.

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