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Thermal, dynamic mechanical, mechanical and flammability properties of halloysite nanotubes filled Polyamide 11 nanocomposites

The effects of various filler contents on the thermal, dynamic mechanical, mechanical, as well as flammability properties of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) filler and polyamide 11 (PA 11) matrixes are investigated in this research. The nanocomposites were made out of 100 phr of PA 11 and three distinct...

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Main Authors: Azahari, Nur Najma Athirah, Anuar, Hazleen, Hassan, Azman, Mohammed Jawaid, Mohammed Jawaid, Halim, Zahurin, Samsudin, Sani Amril
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Penerbit UTM Press 2023
Subjects:
Q Science (General)
Online Access:http://eprints.utm.my/105335/1/AzmanHassan2023_ThermalDynamicMechanicalMechanical.pdf
http://eprints.utm.my/105335/
http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v19n2.2684
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spelling my.utm.1053352024-04-22T10:29:11Z http://eprints.utm.my/105335/ Thermal, dynamic mechanical, mechanical and flammability properties of halloysite nanotubes filled Polyamide 11 nanocomposites Azahari, Nur Najma Athirah Anuar, Hazleen Hassan, Azman Mohammed Jawaid, Mohammed Jawaid Halim, Zahurin Samsudin, Sani Amril Q Science (General) The effects of various filler contents on the thermal, dynamic mechanical, mechanical, as well as flammability properties of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) filler and polyamide 11 (PA 11) matrixes are investigated in this research. The nanocomposites were made out of 100 phr of PA 11 and three distinct HNTs loadings of 2, 4, and 6 phr each. PA 11 nanocomposites without HNTs filler was used as the reference sample. To melt-compound the nanocomposites, a twin-screw extruder was used, and the specimen for testing was then injected using an injection mold. SEM, TGA, DSC, FTIR, DMA, tensile, flexural, impact, and UL-94 flammability tests were conducted on the nanocomposites. Incorporation of 4 phr HNTs into the nanocomposites resulted in the highest tensile and flexural strength. Maximum improvement in the DMA, Young’s and flexural modulus was achieved at 6 phr HNTs content. The elongation at break and TGA resulted the highest increase at 2 phr HNTs content. However, the impact strength decreased with increasing HNTs content. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the ductility of the nanocomposites with increased HNTs content up to 4 phr. The DSC showed a steady increase in melting temperature (Tm) as HNTs content increased up to 4 phr, while the crystallization temperature (Tc) remained unchanged. TGA of PA 11/HNTs nanocomposites showed high thermal stability at 2 phr HNTs content. However, on further addition of HNTs up to 6 phr, thermal stability of the nanocomposites decreased due to the excess amount of HNTs. All the nanocomposites passed the horizontal and vertical UL-94 test with HB and V-2 grade. PA 11/4HNTs nanocomposite has the highest tensile strength, flexural strength compared to other PA 11/HNTs nanocomposites. PA 11/4HNTs nanocomposite can be suggested as an optimum formulation with balanced mechanical properties in terms of toughness. Penerbit UTM Press 2023-03 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://eprints.utm.my/105335/1/AzmanHassan2023_ThermalDynamicMechanicalMechanical.pdf Azahari, Nur Najma Athirah and Anuar, Hazleen and Hassan, Azman and Mohammed Jawaid, Mohammed Jawaid and Halim, Zahurin and Samsudin, Sani Amril (2023) Thermal, dynamic mechanical, mechanical and flammability properties of halloysite nanotubes filled Polyamide 11 nanocomposites. Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 19 (2). pp. 173-193. ISSN 2289-599X http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v19n2.2684 DOI:10.11113/mjfas.v19n2.2684
institution Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
building UTM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
content_source UTM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://eprints.utm.my/
language English
topic Q Science (General)
spellingShingle Q Science (General)
Azahari, Nur Najma Athirah
Anuar, Hazleen
Hassan, Azman
Mohammed Jawaid, Mohammed Jawaid
Halim, Zahurin
Samsudin, Sani Amril
Thermal, dynamic mechanical, mechanical and flammability properties of halloysite nanotubes filled Polyamide 11 nanocomposites
description The effects of various filler contents on the thermal, dynamic mechanical, mechanical, as well as flammability properties of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) filler and polyamide 11 (PA 11) matrixes are investigated in this research. The nanocomposites were made out of 100 phr of PA 11 and three distinct HNTs loadings of 2, 4, and 6 phr each. PA 11 nanocomposites without HNTs filler was used as the reference sample. To melt-compound the nanocomposites, a twin-screw extruder was used, and the specimen for testing was then injected using an injection mold. SEM, TGA, DSC, FTIR, DMA, tensile, flexural, impact, and UL-94 flammability tests were conducted on the nanocomposites. Incorporation of 4 phr HNTs into the nanocomposites resulted in the highest tensile and flexural strength. Maximum improvement in the DMA, Young’s and flexural modulus was achieved at 6 phr HNTs content. The elongation at break and TGA resulted the highest increase at 2 phr HNTs content. However, the impact strength decreased with increasing HNTs content. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the ductility of the nanocomposites with increased HNTs content up to 4 phr. The DSC showed a steady increase in melting temperature (Tm) as HNTs content increased up to 4 phr, while the crystallization temperature (Tc) remained unchanged. TGA of PA 11/HNTs nanocomposites showed high thermal stability at 2 phr HNTs content. However, on further addition of HNTs up to 6 phr, thermal stability of the nanocomposites decreased due to the excess amount of HNTs. All the nanocomposites passed the horizontal and vertical UL-94 test with HB and V-2 grade. PA 11/4HNTs nanocomposite has the highest tensile strength, flexural strength compared to other PA 11/HNTs nanocomposites. PA 11/4HNTs nanocomposite can be suggested as an optimum formulation with balanced mechanical properties in terms of toughness.
format Article
author Azahari, Nur Najma Athirah
Anuar, Hazleen
Hassan, Azman
Mohammed Jawaid, Mohammed Jawaid
Halim, Zahurin
Samsudin, Sani Amril
author_facet Azahari, Nur Najma Athirah
Anuar, Hazleen
Hassan, Azman
Mohammed Jawaid, Mohammed Jawaid
Halim, Zahurin
Samsudin, Sani Amril
author_sort Azahari, Nur Najma Athirah
title Thermal, dynamic mechanical, mechanical and flammability properties of halloysite nanotubes filled Polyamide 11 nanocomposites
title_short Thermal, dynamic mechanical, mechanical and flammability properties of halloysite nanotubes filled Polyamide 11 nanocomposites
title_full Thermal, dynamic mechanical, mechanical and flammability properties of halloysite nanotubes filled Polyamide 11 nanocomposites
title_fullStr Thermal, dynamic mechanical, mechanical and flammability properties of halloysite nanotubes filled Polyamide 11 nanocomposites
title_full_unstemmed Thermal, dynamic mechanical, mechanical and flammability properties of halloysite nanotubes filled Polyamide 11 nanocomposites
title_sort thermal, dynamic mechanical, mechanical and flammability properties of halloysite nanotubes filled polyamide 11 nanocomposites
publisher Penerbit UTM Press
publishDate 2023
url http://eprints.utm.my/105335/1/AzmanHassan2023_ThermalDynamicMechanicalMechanical.pdf
http://eprints.utm.my/105335/
http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v19n2.2684
_version_ 1797905999177187328
score 13.211869

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