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Influence of alkali treatment on the mechanical, thermal, water absorption, and biodegradation properties of cymbopogan citratus fiber-reinforced, thermoplastic cassava starch-palm wax composites

In this study, thermoplastic cassava starch–palm wax blends, reinforced with the treated Cymbopogan citratus fiber (TPCS/ PW/ CCF) were successfully developed. The TPCS were priorly modified with palm wax to enhance the properties of the matrix. The aim of this study was to investi-gate the influenc...

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Main Authors: Kamaruddin, Zatil Hafila, Jumaidin, Ridhwan, Rushdan, Ahmad Ilyas, Selamat, Mohd. Zulkefli, Alamjuri, Roziela Hanim, Md. Yusof, Fahmi Asyadi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI 2022
Subjects:
Q Science (General)
Online Access:http://eprints.utm.my/103847/1/AhmadIlyasRushdan2022_InfluenceofAlkaliTreatmentontheMechanical.pdf
http://eprints.utm.my/103847/
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14142769
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spelling my.utm.1038472023-12-01T02:11:07Z http://eprints.utm.my/103847/ Influence of alkali treatment on the mechanical, thermal, water absorption, and biodegradation properties of cymbopogan citratus fiber-reinforced, thermoplastic cassava starch-palm wax composites Kamaruddin, Zatil Hafila Jumaidin, Ridhwan Rushdan, Ahmad Ilyas Selamat, Mohd. Zulkefli Alamjuri, Roziela Hanim Md. Yusof, Fahmi Asyadi Q Science (General) In this study, thermoplastic cassava starch–palm wax blends, reinforced with the treated Cymbopogan citratus fiber (TPCS/ PW/ CCF) were successfully developed. The TPCS were priorly modified with palm wax to enhance the properties of the matrix. The aim of this study was to investi-gate the influence of alkali treatments on the TPCS/PW/CCF biocomposite. The fiber was treated with different sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentrations (3%, 6%, and 9%) prior to the composite preparation via hot pressing. The obtained results revealed improved mechanical characteristics in the treated composites. The composites that underwent consecutive alkali treatments at 6% NaOH prior to the composite preparation had higher mechanical strengths, compared to the untreated fibers. A differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that adding treated fibers into the TPCS matrix improved the thermal stability of the samples. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated an improved fiber–matrix adhesion due to the surface modification. An increment in the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the composites after undergoing NaOH treatment denoted an improved interfacial interaction in the treated samples. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed the elimination of hemicellulose at wavelength 1717 cm−1, for the composites treated with 6% NaOH. The water absorption, solubility, and thickness swelling revealed a higher water resistance of the composites following the alkali treatment of the fiber. These findings validated that the alkaline treatment of CCF is able to improve the functionality of the Cymbopogan citratus fiber-reinforced composites. MDPI 2022-07-02 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://eprints.utm.my/103847/1/AhmadIlyasRushdan2022_InfluenceofAlkaliTreatmentontheMechanical.pdf Kamaruddin, Zatil Hafila and Jumaidin, Ridhwan and Rushdan, Ahmad Ilyas and Selamat, Mohd. Zulkefli and Alamjuri, Roziela Hanim and Md. Yusof, Fahmi Asyadi (2022) Influence of alkali treatment on the mechanical, thermal, water absorption, and biodegradation properties of cymbopogan citratus fiber-reinforced, thermoplastic cassava starch-palm wax composites. Polymers, 14 (14). pp. 1-26. ISSN 2073-4360 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14142769 DOI:10.3390/polym14142769
institution Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
building UTM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
content_source UTM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://eprints.utm.my/
language English
topic Q Science (General)
spellingShingle Q Science (General)
Kamaruddin, Zatil Hafila
Jumaidin, Ridhwan
Rushdan, Ahmad Ilyas
Selamat, Mohd. Zulkefli
Alamjuri, Roziela Hanim
Md. Yusof, Fahmi Asyadi
Influence of alkali treatment on the mechanical, thermal, water absorption, and biodegradation properties of cymbopogan citratus fiber-reinforced, thermoplastic cassava starch-palm wax composites
description In this study, thermoplastic cassava starch–palm wax blends, reinforced with the treated Cymbopogan citratus fiber (TPCS/ PW/ CCF) were successfully developed. The TPCS were priorly modified with palm wax to enhance the properties of the matrix. The aim of this study was to investi-gate the influence of alkali treatments on the TPCS/PW/CCF biocomposite. The fiber was treated with different sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentrations (3%, 6%, and 9%) prior to the composite preparation via hot pressing. The obtained results revealed improved mechanical characteristics in the treated composites. The composites that underwent consecutive alkali treatments at 6% NaOH prior to the composite preparation had higher mechanical strengths, compared to the untreated fibers. A differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that adding treated fibers into the TPCS matrix improved the thermal stability of the samples. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated an improved fiber–matrix adhesion due to the surface modification. An increment in the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the composites after undergoing NaOH treatment denoted an improved interfacial interaction in the treated samples. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed the elimination of hemicellulose at wavelength 1717 cm−1, for the composites treated with 6% NaOH. The water absorption, solubility, and thickness swelling revealed a higher water resistance of the composites following the alkali treatment of the fiber. These findings validated that the alkaline treatment of CCF is able to improve the functionality of the Cymbopogan citratus fiber-reinforced composites.
format Article
author Kamaruddin, Zatil Hafila
Jumaidin, Ridhwan
Rushdan, Ahmad Ilyas
Selamat, Mohd. Zulkefli
Alamjuri, Roziela Hanim
Md. Yusof, Fahmi Asyadi
author_facet Kamaruddin, Zatil Hafila
Jumaidin, Ridhwan
Rushdan, Ahmad Ilyas
Selamat, Mohd. Zulkefli
Alamjuri, Roziela Hanim
Md. Yusof, Fahmi Asyadi
author_sort Kamaruddin, Zatil Hafila
title Influence of alkali treatment on the mechanical, thermal, water absorption, and biodegradation properties of cymbopogan citratus fiber-reinforced, thermoplastic cassava starch-palm wax composites
title_short Influence of alkali treatment on the mechanical, thermal, water absorption, and biodegradation properties of cymbopogan citratus fiber-reinforced, thermoplastic cassava starch-palm wax composites
title_full Influence of alkali treatment on the mechanical, thermal, water absorption, and biodegradation properties of cymbopogan citratus fiber-reinforced, thermoplastic cassava starch-palm wax composites
title_fullStr Influence of alkali treatment on the mechanical, thermal, water absorption, and biodegradation properties of cymbopogan citratus fiber-reinforced, thermoplastic cassava starch-palm wax composites
title_full_unstemmed Influence of alkali treatment on the mechanical, thermal, water absorption, and biodegradation properties of cymbopogan citratus fiber-reinforced, thermoplastic cassava starch-palm wax composites
title_sort influence of alkali treatment on the mechanical, thermal, water absorption, and biodegradation properties of cymbopogan citratus fiber-reinforced, thermoplastic cassava starch-palm wax composites
publisher MDPI
publishDate 2022
url http://eprints.utm.my/103847/1/AhmadIlyasRushdan2022_InfluenceofAlkaliTreatmentontheMechanical.pdf
http://eprints.utm.my/103847/
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14142769
_version_ 1784511508535836672
score 13.211869

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