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Electrochemically exfoliated functionalized graphene flakes: facile synthesis, 3rd order optical nonlinearity and optical limiting response

High quality graphene production is prerequisite for good performance in nonlinear optics application such as fast optical communications, all-optical switching, and optical limiting. Graphene journey begins with the method of synthesizing graphene which need to be simple, fast, and environmentally...

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Main Authors:	Abu Bakar, Mohamad Aizat, Danial, Wan Hazman, Norhisham, Noriliya Aina, Abdul Majid, Zaiton, Ibrahim, Abdul Razak, Mat Jafri, Mohd. Zubir, Ahmad, Fauzan, Abdullah, Mundzir
Format:	Article
Published:	Elsevier Ltd 2022
Subjects:	QD Chemistry
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/103450/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2022.108030
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spelling	my.utm.1034502023-11-14T04:39:07Z http://eprints.utm.my/103450/ Electrochemically exfoliated functionalized graphene flakes: facile synthesis, 3rd order optical nonlinearity and optical limiting response Abu Bakar, Mohamad Aizat Danial, Wan Hazman Norhisham, Noriliya Aina Abdul Majid, Zaiton Ibrahim, Abdul Razak Mat Jafri, Mohd. Zubir Ahmad, Fauzan Abdullah, Mundzir QD Chemistry High quality graphene production is prerequisite for good performance in nonlinear optics application such as fast optical communications, all-optical switching, and optical limiting. Graphene journey begins with the method of synthesizing graphene which need to be simple, fast, and environmentally friendly. Hence, we introduce the method by exfoliating graphite by electrochemical route to produce good quality functionalized graphene for various nonlinear optics application. In this work, functionalized graphene flakes are synthesis by using two different electrodes; furnaced graphite rod (Gr-FG) and non-furnaced graphite electrode (Gr-NFG). Visual inspection on the synthesized Gr-FG and Gr-NFG show dark murky color solutions give the impression of high yield functionalized graphene flakes. Further observation under transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and UV–vis and Raman analysis confirm the good quality functionalized graphene structure. The nonlinear optical behavior of the functionalized graphene was accessed via Z-scan technique with 637 nm laser source operating in continuous mode with simultaneous monitoring of the close and open aperture signal. Close aperture profile of Gr-FG and Gr-NFG display nonlinear refraction, whereas open aperture profile shows reverse saturable absorption (RSA). Equation fitting reveals higher n2 magnitude for Gr-FG compared to Gr-NFG, but the later possess higher magnitude of β. Further analysis on the 3rd order of optical nonlinearity by z-scan technique reveal the admirable value at the range of 10−6 esu. Optical limiting performance conducted via transmittance-based measurement shows superior limiting of Gr-NFG compared to Gr-FG. Elsevier Ltd 2022-07 Article PeerReviewed Abu Bakar, Mohamad Aizat and Danial, Wan Hazman and Norhisham, Noriliya Aina and Abdul Majid, Zaiton and Ibrahim, Abdul Razak and Mat Jafri, Mohd. Zubir and Ahmad, Fauzan and Abdullah, Mundzir (2022) Electrochemically exfoliated functionalized graphene flakes: facile synthesis, 3rd order optical nonlinearity and optical limiting response. Optics and Laser Technology, 151 (NA). pp. 1-8. ISSN 0030-3992 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2022.108030 DOI:10.1016/j.optlastec.2022.108030
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
building	UTM Library
collection	Institutional Repository
continent	Asia
country	Malaysia
content_provider	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
content_source	UTM Institutional Repository
url_provider	http://eprints.utm.my/
topic	QD Chemistry
spellingShingle	QD Chemistry Abu Bakar, Mohamad Aizat Danial, Wan Hazman Norhisham, Noriliya Aina Abdul Majid, Zaiton Ibrahim, Abdul Razak Mat Jafri, Mohd. Zubir Ahmad, Fauzan Abdullah, Mundzir Electrochemically exfoliated functionalized graphene flakes: facile synthesis, 3rd order optical nonlinearity and optical limiting response
description	High quality graphene production is prerequisite for good performance in nonlinear optics application such as fast optical communications, all-optical switching, and optical limiting. Graphene journey begins with the method of synthesizing graphene which need to be simple, fast, and environmentally friendly. Hence, we introduce the method by exfoliating graphite by electrochemical route to produce good quality functionalized graphene for various nonlinear optics application. In this work, functionalized graphene flakes are synthesis by using two different electrodes; furnaced graphite rod (Gr-FG) and non-furnaced graphite electrode (Gr-NFG). Visual inspection on the synthesized Gr-FG and Gr-NFG show dark murky color solutions give the impression of high yield functionalized graphene flakes. Further observation under transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and UV–vis and Raman analysis confirm the good quality functionalized graphene structure. The nonlinear optical behavior of the functionalized graphene was accessed via Z-scan technique with 637 nm laser source operating in continuous mode with simultaneous monitoring of the close and open aperture signal. Close aperture profile of Gr-FG and Gr-NFG display nonlinear refraction, whereas open aperture profile shows reverse saturable absorption (RSA). Equation fitting reveals higher n2 magnitude for Gr-FG compared to Gr-NFG, but the later possess higher magnitude of β. Further analysis on the 3rd order of optical nonlinearity by z-scan technique reveal the admirable value at the range of 10−6 esu. Optical limiting performance conducted via transmittance-based measurement shows superior limiting of Gr-NFG compared to Gr-FG.
format	Article
author	Abu Bakar, Mohamad Aizat Danial, Wan Hazman Norhisham, Noriliya Aina Abdul Majid, Zaiton Ibrahim, Abdul Razak Mat Jafri, Mohd. Zubir Ahmad, Fauzan Abdullah, Mundzir
author_facet	Abu Bakar, Mohamad Aizat Danial, Wan Hazman Norhisham, Noriliya Aina Abdul Majid, Zaiton Ibrahim, Abdul Razak Mat Jafri, Mohd. Zubir Ahmad, Fauzan Abdullah, Mundzir
author_sort	Abu Bakar, Mohamad Aizat
title	Electrochemically exfoliated functionalized graphene flakes: facile synthesis, 3rd order optical nonlinearity and optical limiting response
title_short	Electrochemically exfoliated functionalized graphene flakes: facile synthesis, 3rd order optical nonlinearity and optical limiting response
title_full	Electrochemically exfoliated functionalized graphene flakes: facile synthesis, 3rd order optical nonlinearity and optical limiting response
title_fullStr	Electrochemically exfoliated functionalized graphene flakes: facile synthesis, 3rd order optical nonlinearity and optical limiting response
title_full_unstemmed	Electrochemically exfoliated functionalized graphene flakes: facile synthesis, 3rd order optical nonlinearity and optical limiting response
title_sort	electrochemically exfoliated functionalized graphene flakes: facile synthesis, 3rd order optical nonlinearity and optical limiting response
publisher	Elsevier Ltd
publishDate	2022
url	http://eprints.utm.my/103450/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2022.108030
_version_	1783876364891324416
score	13.211869

Electrochemically exfoliated functionalized graphene flakes: facile synthesis, 3rd order optical nonlinearity and optical limiting response

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