Cover Image

Optimization of solvent extraction and matrix solid-phase dispersion methods for agarwood oleoresin and essential oil production

Agarwood essential oil is the most expensive resinous wood fragrance, indicating that it is extremely valuable. Generally, Malaysian producers use traditional method of hydro-distillation for extracting agarwood essential oil. However, this method has several limitations such as low product yield, e...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Ngadiran, Sulaiman
Format: Thesis
Language:English
Published: 2021
Subjects:
TP Chemical technology
Online Access:http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/102647/1/SulaimanNgadiranPSChE2021.pdf.pdf
http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/102647/
http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:149097
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
id my.utm.102647
record_format eprints
spelling my.utm.1026472023-09-13T02:14:50Z http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/102647/ Optimization of solvent extraction and matrix solid-phase dispersion methods for agarwood oleoresin and essential oil production Ngadiran, Sulaiman TP Chemical technology Agarwood essential oil is the most expensive resinous wood fragrance, indicating that it is extremely valuable. Generally, Malaysian producers use traditional method of hydro-distillation for extracting agarwood essential oil. However, this method has several limitations such as low product yield, essential oil quality inconsistency, time and energy consuming which resulting in a high operating cost of agarwood essential oil production. A low-grade agarwood (grade D) from the species of Aquilaria malaccensis was utilized in this study to improve the yield and quality of oleoresin and its essential oil using two consecutive solvent extractions, that were ethanol and n-hexane, respectively. The oleoresin was firstly extracted using reflux extraction, and then the essential oil was extracted using matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD). Based on their polarity, the combination of these solvents is the most ideal for producing high quality agarwood essential oil. Central composite design was used to investigate the effect of process parameters on extraction yield and the presence of chemical compound in the extract using regression analysis. Oleoresin yield of 7.08 ± 0.38 % (w/w) with total resin content of 5.75 ± 0.81 % (w/w) were obtained under the following optimal conditions: particle size of 0.5 - 1.0 mm, raw material to ethanol ratio of 1:29.9 g/ml and extraction time of 4.97 hours. Agarwood essential oil of 0.46 ± 0.10 % was achieved through optimization of essential oil extraction using the MSPD method at optimal condition: oleoresin to sorbent ratio of 1:1.46, oleoresin to n-hexane ratio of 1:39.19, extraction duration of two hours and applied silica gel as the solid support material. There were seven sesquiterpenes compounds detected through gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GCMS) profiles for qualitative assessment, with the highest relative peak areas of 14.11 % and 16.80 % in oleoresin and essential oil extracts, respectively. This study revealed that both optimal extraction conditions produced the desired extracts in lesser extraction time and lower agarwood to solvent ratio. The best quality of agarwood essential oil obtained in improved extractions was proven by comparing with GCMS chromatogram pattern. There was a 3.67-fold increase in peak area % of the discovered seven compounds when compared to Soxhlet extraction, and the amount of 4-phenyl-2-butanone compound was found to be the highest (0.53 mg/ml) when compared to other analyzed extraction methods. Overall, the MSPD extraction approach was able to produce the highest yield of agarwood essential oil, with a 21.05 % increase of essential oil yield compared to the Soxhlet extraction. The findings of this study provide a new insight about mass transfer theory by observing the surface morphology and particle size distribution on oleoresin-silica gel blended powders prior to extraction. On top of that, the disrupted mixture sample could achieve a smaller particle size and increase solute diffusion in the dispersion process, resulting in a high essential oil yield and retain most of the agarwood components. In conclusion, the findings strongly suggested that extraction using MSPD is a potential strategy for improving the overall extract yield and quality in the production of agarwood essential oil. 2021 Thesis NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/102647/1/SulaimanNgadiranPSChE2021.pdf.pdf Ngadiran, Sulaiman (2021) Optimization of solvent extraction and matrix solid-phase dispersion methods for agarwood oleoresin and essential oil production. PhD thesis, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:149097
institution Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
building UTM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
content_source UTM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://eprints.utm.my/
language English
topic TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle TP Chemical technology
Ngadiran, Sulaiman
Optimization of solvent extraction and matrix solid-phase dispersion methods for agarwood oleoresin and essential oil production
description Agarwood essential oil is the most expensive resinous wood fragrance, indicating that it is extremely valuable. Generally, Malaysian producers use traditional method of hydro-distillation for extracting agarwood essential oil. However, this method has several limitations such as low product yield, essential oil quality inconsistency, time and energy consuming which resulting in a high operating cost of agarwood essential oil production. A low-grade agarwood (grade D) from the species of Aquilaria malaccensis was utilized in this study to improve the yield and quality of oleoresin and its essential oil using two consecutive solvent extractions, that were ethanol and n-hexane, respectively. The oleoresin was firstly extracted using reflux extraction, and then the essential oil was extracted using matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD). Based on their polarity, the combination of these solvents is the most ideal for producing high quality agarwood essential oil. Central composite design was used to investigate the effect of process parameters on extraction yield and the presence of chemical compound in the extract using regression analysis. Oleoresin yield of 7.08 ± 0.38 % (w/w) with total resin content of 5.75 ± 0.81 % (w/w) were obtained under the following optimal conditions: particle size of 0.5 - 1.0 mm, raw material to ethanol ratio of 1:29.9 g/ml and extraction time of 4.97 hours. Agarwood essential oil of 0.46 ± 0.10 % was achieved through optimization of essential oil extraction using the MSPD method at optimal condition: oleoresin to sorbent ratio of 1:1.46, oleoresin to n-hexane ratio of 1:39.19, extraction duration of two hours and applied silica gel as the solid support material. There were seven sesquiterpenes compounds detected through gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GCMS) profiles for qualitative assessment, with the highest relative peak areas of 14.11 % and 16.80 % in oleoresin and essential oil extracts, respectively. This study revealed that both optimal extraction conditions produced the desired extracts in lesser extraction time and lower agarwood to solvent ratio. The best quality of agarwood essential oil obtained in improved extractions was proven by comparing with GCMS chromatogram pattern. There was a 3.67-fold increase in peak area % of the discovered seven compounds when compared to Soxhlet extraction, and the amount of 4-phenyl-2-butanone compound was found to be the highest (0.53 mg/ml) when compared to other analyzed extraction methods. Overall, the MSPD extraction approach was able to produce the highest yield of agarwood essential oil, with a 21.05 % increase of essential oil yield compared to the Soxhlet extraction. The findings of this study provide a new insight about mass transfer theory by observing the surface morphology and particle size distribution on oleoresin-silica gel blended powders prior to extraction. On top of that, the disrupted mixture sample could achieve a smaller particle size and increase solute diffusion in the dispersion process, resulting in a high essential oil yield and retain most of the agarwood components. In conclusion, the findings strongly suggested that extraction using MSPD is a potential strategy for improving the overall extract yield and quality in the production of agarwood essential oil.
format Thesis
author Ngadiran, Sulaiman
author_facet Ngadiran, Sulaiman
author_sort Ngadiran, Sulaiman
title Optimization of solvent extraction and matrix solid-phase dispersion methods for agarwood oleoresin and essential oil production
title_short Optimization of solvent extraction and matrix solid-phase dispersion methods for agarwood oleoresin and essential oil production
title_full Optimization of solvent extraction and matrix solid-phase dispersion methods for agarwood oleoresin and essential oil production
title_fullStr Optimization of solvent extraction and matrix solid-phase dispersion methods for agarwood oleoresin and essential oil production
title_full_unstemmed Optimization of solvent extraction and matrix solid-phase dispersion methods for agarwood oleoresin and essential oil production
title_sort optimization of solvent extraction and matrix solid-phase dispersion methods for agarwood oleoresin and essential oil production
publishDate 2021
url http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/102647/1/SulaimanNgadiranPSChE2021.pdf.pdf
http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/102647/
http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:149097
_version_ 1778160761141460992
score 13.211869

Similar Items