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Utilization of oil palm frond for enzyme and renewable feedstock production using solid state fermentation

Oil palm frond (OPF) is the largest agro-residue and lignocellulose biomass in Malaysia amounting to 56 million tons every year. At present, it is mainly utilized as soil fertilizer and animal feed, whereas excess fronds are commonly burned to save up plantation space and to avoid contamination. Suc...

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Main Author: Mohamad Ikubar, Mohamed Roslan
Format: Thesis
Language:English
Published: 2019
Subjects:
Q Science (General)
Online Access:http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/102370/1/MohamedRoslanMohamadPFS2019.pdf
http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/102370/
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spelling my.utm.1023702023-08-28T06:15:48Z http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/102370/ Utilization of oil palm frond for enzyme and renewable feedstock production using solid state fermentation Mohamad Ikubar, Mohamed Roslan Q Science (General) Oil palm frond (OPF) is the largest agro-residue and lignocellulose biomass in Malaysia amounting to 56 million tons every year. At present, it is mainly utilized as soil fertilizer and animal feed, whereas excess fronds are commonly burned to save up plantation space and to avoid contamination. Such practices undermine the economic value of OPF and contribute to environmental pollution. Tapping into its rich lignocellulose content, the study investigated bioconversion potential of frond petiole for lignocellulolytic enzyme production. Six locally isolated fungi A. awamori MMS4, A. niger EFB1, A. fumigatus SK1, T. virens UKM1, T. viride MM3, and T. asperellum MR1 were screened for their enzyme production capability under solid state fermentation. The fermentation was carried out in petri dish using OPF fibre (0.125 mm) at 60% moisture content and 35°C for 7 days. The fermentation produced enzyme mixture high in lignin peroxidase (20-222 Ug-1), endoxylanase (6-109 Ug-1) and endoglucanase (2-9 Ug-1), alongside exolgucanase, ß-glucosidase, manganese peroxidase and laccase. The multi-enzyme mixture was suitable for technical application and when tested for the enzymatic deinking of old newspaper achieved a pulp brightness of up to 51.5% and tensile strength of 34.0 Nm/g. To avoid generation of secondary waste, the remaining fermented OPF (post enzyme extraction) was re-fermented up to three cycles. This further increased enzyme production by 26-79% and fibre utilization by 14-26%. Such repeated fermentation also proved favourable in improving the sustainability and cost of enzyme production at each cycle. Fermented OPF that were no longer fermentable after three cycles was subjected to nutrient regeneration by enzymatic hydrolysis and autolysis. The process generated a nutrient rich hydrolysate containing carbon (1.79 gL-1), nitrogen (0.11 gL-1) and phosphorus (0.36 gL-1) that were useable as growth medium and supported both bacterial and fungal growth. Overall, the study showed the potential bioconversion of OPF into valuable enzymes and the significance of re-fermentation and hydrolysis process to maximise usage of fermented waste as renewable feedstock. 2019 Thesis NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/102370/1/MohamedRoslanMohamadPFS2019.pdf Mohamad Ikubar, Mohamed Roslan (2019) Utilization of oil palm frond for enzyme and renewable feedstock production using solid state fermentation. PhD thesis, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Science. http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:146126
institution Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
building UTM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
content_source UTM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://eprints.utm.my/
language English
topic Q Science (General)
spellingShingle Q Science (General)
Mohamad Ikubar, Mohamed Roslan
Utilization of oil palm frond for enzyme and renewable feedstock production using solid state fermentation
description Oil palm frond (OPF) is the largest agro-residue and lignocellulose biomass in Malaysia amounting to 56 million tons every year. At present, it is mainly utilized as soil fertilizer and animal feed, whereas excess fronds are commonly burned to save up plantation space and to avoid contamination. Such practices undermine the economic value of OPF and contribute to environmental pollution. Tapping into its rich lignocellulose content, the study investigated bioconversion potential of frond petiole for lignocellulolytic enzyme production. Six locally isolated fungi A. awamori MMS4, A. niger EFB1, A. fumigatus SK1, T. virens UKM1, T. viride MM3, and T. asperellum MR1 were screened for their enzyme production capability under solid state fermentation. The fermentation was carried out in petri dish using OPF fibre (0.125 mm) at 60% moisture content and 35°C for 7 days. The fermentation produced enzyme mixture high in lignin peroxidase (20-222 Ug-1), endoxylanase (6-109 Ug-1) and endoglucanase (2-9 Ug-1), alongside exolgucanase, ß-glucosidase, manganese peroxidase and laccase. The multi-enzyme mixture was suitable for technical application and when tested for the enzymatic deinking of old newspaper achieved a pulp brightness of up to 51.5% and tensile strength of 34.0 Nm/g. To avoid generation of secondary waste, the remaining fermented OPF (post enzyme extraction) was re-fermented up to three cycles. This further increased enzyme production by 26-79% and fibre utilization by 14-26%. Such repeated fermentation also proved favourable in improving the sustainability and cost of enzyme production at each cycle. Fermented OPF that were no longer fermentable after three cycles was subjected to nutrient regeneration by enzymatic hydrolysis and autolysis. The process generated a nutrient rich hydrolysate containing carbon (1.79 gL-1), nitrogen (0.11 gL-1) and phosphorus (0.36 gL-1) that were useable as growth medium and supported both bacterial and fungal growth. Overall, the study showed the potential bioconversion of OPF into valuable enzymes and the significance of re-fermentation and hydrolysis process to maximise usage of fermented waste as renewable feedstock.
format Thesis
author Mohamad Ikubar, Mohamed Roslan
author_facet Mohamad Ikubar, Mohamed Roslan
author_sort Mohamad Ikubar, Mohamed Roslan
title Utilization of oil palm frond for enzyme and renewable feedstock production using solid state fermentation
title_short Utilization of oil palm frond for enzyme and renewable feedstock production using solid state fermentation
title_full Utilization of oil palm frond for enzyme and renewable feedstock production using solid state fermentation
title_fullStr Utilization of oil palm frond for enzyme and renewable feedstock production using solid state fermentation
title_full_unstemmed Utilization of oil palm frond for enzyme and renewable feedstock production using solid state fermentation
title_sort utilization of oil palm frond for enzyme and renewable feedstock production using solid state fermentation
publishDate 2019
url http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/102370/1/MohamedRoslanMohamadPFS2019.pdf
http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/102370/
http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:146126
_version_ 1775621977017417728
score 13.211869

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