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Foliage attenuation in urban tropical vegetation at millimeter wave frequency bands

Millimeter wave (mmWave) bands offer greater bandwidth for the 5th Generation (5G) communication system in order to achieve higher data rates. Understanding the mmWave channel is a fundamental requirement to develop the future 5G systems. Therefore, extensive field measurements with respect to the b...

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Main Author: Rahim, Hairani Maisarah
Format: Thesis
Language:English
Published: 2018
Subjects:
TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering
Online Access:http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/101790/1/HairaniMaisarahRahimMSKE2018.pdf.pdf
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spelling my.utm.1017902023-07-09T02:21:59Z http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/101790/ Foliage attenuation in urban tropical vegetation at millimeter wave frequency bands Rahim, Hairani Maisarah TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering Millimeter wave (mmWave) bands offer greater bandwidth for the 5th Generation (5G) communication system in order to achieve higher data rates. Understanding the mmWave channel is a fundamental requirement to develop the future 5G systems. Therefore, extensive field measurements with respect to the behavior in realistic channels must be carried out to characterize these bands. To date, little knowledge is established on the foliage attenuation of mmWave bands in tropical environment. Existing measurements have been carried out mostly in the temperate region where the vegetation has different physical characteristics compared to those in tropical region. Thus, this research aims to measure and characterise the foliage attenuation in urban tropical environment. The site for real time data collection is located within Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Kuala Lumpur campus where vegetation geometries are observed as a single tree or a row of trees within small cell radius up to 200 m. Both the deployed direct Line-of-Sight (LOS) and Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) links operate at millimeter frequencies particularly at 6, 10, 18, 20, 28 and 38 GHz. The measurement system is arranged based on typical narrowband setup under full foliage environment. The received signal strength (RSS) is collected throughout the experiment in foliated environment and compared to the free space measurement. A signal generator is configured to transmit pure continuous wave through a steerable directional horn antenna. The RSS values are captured on a portable spectrum analyzer. In general, the measurement results show that the most significant foliage attenuation is caused by the NLOS link through the trunk followed by the branches and tree-top. Average foliage attenuation observed to be highest at 38 GHz between 18.1 dB to 30.6 dB and lowest at 6 GHz between 11.3 dB to 22.9 dB for NLOS slant paths obstructed by a single tree. Meanwhile a single tree obstruction at horizontal path induces foliage attenuation of 44.28 dB at 20 GHz by Eugenia tree, whereas the lowest attenuation of 22.35 dB at 6 GHz is attributed by weeping bottlebrush tree. On the other hand, the highest foliage attenuation induced by a line of trees occurs to be 49.86 dB at 28 GHz. Other important factors such as measurement geometry and vegetation density are observed. For instance, the foliage attenuation is higher at denser foliage and larger foliage depth. In general, the existing empirical models underestimate the tropical foliage measurements. The inaccuracies of these models could be due to the fact that the size, types and density of trees in tropical region is different from temperate region. It is found that the overall trend shows that foliage attenuation is more severe at higher mmWave frequencies at least by 21 dB as compared to the lower ones. 2018 Thesis NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/101790/1/HairaniMaisarahRahimMSKE2018.pdf.pdf Rahim, Hairani Maisarah (2018) Foliage attenuation in urban tropical vegetation at millimeter wave frequency bands. PhD thesis, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:145041
institution Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
building UTM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
content_source UTM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://eprints.utm.my/
language English
topic TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering
spellingShingle TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering
Rahim, Hairani Maisarah
Foliage attenuation in urban tropical vegetation at millimeter wave frequency bands
description Millimeter wave (mmWave) bands offer greater bandwidth for the 5th Generation (5G) communication system in order to achieve higher data rates. Understanding the mmWave channel is a fundamental requirement to develop the future 5G systems. Therefore, extensive field measurements with respect to the behavior in realistic channels must be carried out to characterize these bands. To date, little knowledge is established on the foliage attenuation of mmWave bands in tropical environment. Existing measurements have been carried out mostly in the temperate region where the vegetation has different physical characteristics compared to those in tropical region. Thus, this research aims to measure and characterise the foliage attenuation in urban tropical environment. The site for real time data collection is located within Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Kuala Lumpur campus where vegetation geometries are observed as a single tree or a row of trees within small cell radius up to 200 m. Both the deployed direct Line-of-Sight (LOS) and Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) links operate at millimeter frequencies particularly at 6, 10, 18, 20, 28 and 38 GHz. The measurement system is arranged based on typical narrowband setup under full foliage environment. The received signal strength (RSS) is collected throughout the experiment in foliated environment and compared to the free space measurement. A signal generator is configured to transmit pure continuous wave through a steerable directional horn antenna. The RSS values are captured on a portable spectrum analyzer. In general, the measurement results show that the most significant foliage attenuation is caused by the NLOS link through the trunk followed by the branches and tree-top. Average foliage attenuation observed to be highest at 38 GHz between 18.1 dB to 30.6 dB and lowest at 6 GHz between 11.3 dB to 22.9 dB for NLOS slant paths obstructed by a single tree. Meanwhile a single tree obstruction at horizontal path induces foliage attenuation of 44.28 dB at 20 GHz by Eugenia tree, whereas the lowest attenuation of 22.35 dB at 6 GHz is attributed by weeping bottlebrush tree. On the other hand, the highest foliage attenuation induced by a line of trees occurs to be 49.86 dB at 28 GHz. Other important factors such as measurement geometry and vegetation density are observed. For instance, the foliage attenuation is higher at denser foliage and larger foliage depth. In general, the existing empirical models underestimate the tropical foliage measurements. The inaccuracies of these models could be due to the fact that the size, types and density of trees in tropical region is different from temperate region. It is found that the overall trend shows that foliage attenuation is more severe at higher mmWave frequencies at least by 21 dB as compared to the lower ones.
format Thesis
author Rahim, Hairani Maisarah
author_facet Rahim, Hairani Maisarah
author_sort Rahim, Hairani Maisarah
title Foliage attenuation in urban tropical vegetation at millimeter wave frequency bands
title_short Foliage attenuation in urban tropical vegetation at millimeter wave frequency bands
title_full Foliage attenuation in urban tropical vegetation at millimeter wave frequency bands
title_fullStr Foliage attenuation in urban tropical vegetation at millimeter wave frequency bands
title_full_unstemmed Foliage attenuation in urban tropical vegetation at millimeter wave frequency bands
title_sort foliage attenuation in urban tropical vegetation at millimeter wave frequency bands
publishDate 2018
url http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/101790/1/HairaniMaisarahRahimMSKE2018.pdf.pdf
http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/101790/
http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:145041
_version_ 1772811114368729088
score 13.211869

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