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Polysulfone based poly(methyl methacrylate) dual layer hollow fiber membrane incorporated with activated carbon for uremic toxins removal

Daily and nocturnal hemodialysis practices require a portable dialysis machine. To foster the development of portable dialysis machine, an innovative technology to regenerate dialysate is needed. Hence, the objective of this study is to develop a highly selective polysulfone/poly(methyl methacrylate...

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Main Author: Zainol Abidin, Muhammad Nidzhom
Format: Thesis
Language:English
Published: 2020
Subjects:
Q Science (General)
Online Access:http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/101507/1/MuhammadNidzhomZainolPSChE2020.pdf
http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/101507/
http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:148978
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record_format eprints
institution Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
building UTM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
content_source UTM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://eprints.utm.my/
language English
topic Q Science (General)
spellingShingle Q Science (General)
Zainol Abidin, Muhammad Nidzhom
Polysulfone based poly(methyl methacrylate) dual layer hollow fiber membrane incorporated with activated carbon for uremic toxins removal
description Daily and nocturnal hemodialysis practices require a portable dialysis machine. To foster the development of portable dialysis machine, an innovative technology to regenerate dialysate is needed. Hence, the objective of this study is to develop a highly selective polysulfone/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PSf/PMMA) dual layer hollow fiber (DLHF) membrane incorporated with activated carbon (AC) for collective removal of uremic toxins. In the first phase of the study, the urea adsorption capacity of PMMA was enhanced by a surface modification process using 5 %v/v aqueous (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane solution. The silane coating on the surface of PMMA particle was observed using transmission electron microscopy and the identification of silicon and nitrogen elements by the energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy has confirmed the successful modification of PMMA. A comprehensive adsorption study of urea was then conducted on the PMMA, whereby the isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic of the adsorption process were determined. Modified PMMA showed urea adsorption capacity of 57 mg/g, which was higher than the unmodified PMMA (23 mg/g) due to the increased number of active adsorption sites. The urea adsorption onto PMMA surface was found as a non-spontaneous physical process that follows Freundlich isotherm model and Lagergren’s pseudo-second-order kinetic model. In the second phase of the study, DLHF membranes consisting of PSf inner layer and PSf/PMMA outer layer were fabricated via a single-step co-extrusion technique using a triple orifice spinneret. The effect of PSf/PMMA composition (PSf:PMMA; 18:2, 15:5, 12:8, 10:10 and 8:12) on physical compatibility, molecular sieving properties and urea removal performance of the DLHF membranes were investigated. In conditions where the composition of PMMA is lesser than PSf, there was no sign of delamination between the two membrane layers. Results showed that the DLHF membrane exhibited urea adsorption capacity from 5.5 to 27.6 mg/g. In ultrafiltration adsorption experiment, the membrane with PSf/PMMA composition of 12:8 demonstrated significant urea removal of 39.2% and showed desired sieving properties towards large solute (lysozyme). In the third phase of the study, AC particles were incorporated in the inner layer of the DLHF membrane, where the effect of AC loading (0, 3, 5, 7 and 9 wt%) on the co-adsorptive urea and creatinine removal performance was investigated. The DLHF membrane with the highest AC loading (9 wt%) displayed the highest maximum adsorption capacity of creatinine of 86.2 mg/g. Besides, the membrane demonstrated the highest flux of 16.4 Lm-2h-1 and rejection of 35.3% and 73.3% for urea and creatinine, respectively. In the final phase of the study, the long-term stability of the optimized PSf/PMMA/AC DLHF membrane in continuous operation was evaluated. The membrane was tested for 3 cycles of 6-hour operation, whereby in each cycle, the membrane experienced different extents of reduction in flux and solute rejection. The membrane showed promising reusability with a high overall solute rejection recovery rate of 86% and 73% in the second and third cycles, respectively. The PSf/PMMA/AC DLHF membrane was successfully fabricated and showed collective removal of uremic toxins via the combined process of adsorption and filtration, hence becoming a potential candidate for dialysate regeneration.
format Thesis
author Zainol Abidin, Muhammad Nidzhom
author_facet Zainol Abidin, Muhammad Nidzhom
author_sort Zainol Abidin, Muhammad Nidzhom
title Polysulfone based poly(methyl methacrylate) dual layer hollow fiber membrane incorporated with activated carbon for uremic toxins removal
title_short Polysulfone based poly(methyl methacrylate) dual layer hollow fiber membrane incorporated with activated carbon for uremic toxins removal
title_full Polysulfone based poly(methyl methacrylate) dual layer hollow fiber membrane incorporated with activated carbon for uremic toxins removal
title_fullStr Polysulfone based poly(methyl methacrylate) dual layer hollow fiber membrane incorporated with activated carbon for uremic toxins removal
title_full_unstemmed Polysulfone based poly(methyl methacrylate) dual layer hollow fiber membrane incorporated with activated carbon for uremic toxins removal
title_sort polysulfone based poly(methyl methacrylate) dual layer hollow fiber membrane incorporated with activated carbon for uremic toxins removal
publishDate 2020
url http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/101507/1/MuhammadNidzhomZainolPSChE2020.pdf
http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/101507/
http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:148978
_version_ 1769842065329356800
spelling my.utm.1015072023-06-23T02:53:09Z http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/101507/ Polysulfone based poly(methyl methacrylate) dual layer hollow fiber membrane incorporated with activated carbon for uremic toxins removal Zainol Abidin, Muhammad Nidzhom Q Science (General) Daily and nocturnal hemodialysis practices require a portable dialysis machine. To foster the development of portable dialysis machine, an innovative technology to regenerate dialysate is needed. Hence, the objective of this study is to develop a highly selective polysulfone/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PSf/PMMA) dual layer hollow fiber (DLHF) membrane incorporated with activated carbon (AC) for collective removal of uremic toxins. In the first phase of the study, the urea adsorption capacity of PMMA was enhanced by a surface modification process using 5 %v/v aqueous (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane solution. The silane coating on the surface of PMMA particle was observed using transmission electron microscopy and the identification of silicon and nitrogen elements by the energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy has confirmed the successful modification of PMMA. A comprehensive adsorption study of urea was then conducted on the PMMA, whereby the isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic of the adsorption process were determined. Modified PMMA showed urea adsorption capacity of 57 mg/g, which was higher than the unmodified PMMA (23 mg/g) due to the increased number of active adsorption sites. The urea adsorption onto PMMA surface was found as a non-spontaneous physical process that follows Freundlich isotherm model and Lagergren’s pseudo-second-order kinetic model. In the second phase of the study, DLHF membranes consisting of PSf inner layer and PSf/PMMA outer layer were fabricated via a single-step co-extrusion technique using a triple orifice spinneret. The effect of PSf/PMMA composition (PSf:PMMA; 18:2, 15:5, 12:8, 10:10 and 8:12) on physical compatibility, molecular sieving properties and urea removal performance of the DLHF membranes were investigated. In conditions where the composition of PMMA is lesser than PSf, there was no sign of delamination between the two membrane layers. Results showed that the DLHF membrane exhibited urea adsorption capacity from 5.5 to 27.6 mg/g. In ultrafiltration adsorption experiment, the membrane with PSf/PMMA composition of 12:8 demonstrated significant urea removal of 39.2% and showed desired sieving properties towards large solute (lysozyme). In the third phase of the study, AC particles were incorporated in the inner layer of the DLHF membrane, where the effect of AC loading (0, 3, 5, 7 and 9 wt%) on the co-adsorptive urea and creatinine removal performance was investigated. The DLHF membrane with the highest AC loading (9 wt%) displayed the highest maximum adsorption capacity of creatinine of 86.2 mg/g. Besides, the membrane demonstrated the highest flux of 16.4 Lm-2h-1 and rejection of 35.3% and 73.3% for urea and creatinine, respectively. In the final phase of the study, the long-term stability of the optimized PSf/PMMA/AC DLHF membrane in continuous operation was evaluated. The membrane was tested for 3 cycles of 6-hour operation, whereby in each cycle, the membrane experienced different extents of reduction in flux and solute rejection. The membrane showed promising reusability with a high overall solute rejection recovery rate of 86% and 73% in the second and third cycles, respectively. The PSf/PMMA/AC DLHF membrane was successfully fabricated and showed collective removal of uremic toxins via the combined process of adsorption and filtration, hence becoming a potential candidate for dialysate regeneration. 2020 Thesis NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/101507/1/MuhammadNidzhomZainolPSChE2020.pdf Zainol Abidin, Muhammad Nidzhom (2020) Polysulfone based poly(methyl methacrylate) dual layer hollow fiber membrane incorporated with activated carbon for uremic toxins removal. PhD thesis, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Engineering - School of Chemical & Energy Engineering. http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:148978
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