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Synthesis of ZnO Nanorods at Very Low Temperatures Using Ultrasonically Pre-Treated Growth Solution

This paper investigates how the pre-treatment of the growth solution with ultrasonic energy affects the annealing temperatures and the growth temperatures of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods. The ultrasonic pre-treatment of the growth solution resulted in the successful growth of ZnO nanorods at a very lo...

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Main Authors: Khairul Anuar Wahid, Khairul Anuar Wahid, Irfan Abdul Rahim, Irfan Abdul Rahim, Syafiqah Nur Azrie Safri, Syafiqah Nur Azrie Safri, Ahmad Hamdan Ariffin, Ahmad Hamdan Ariffin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Mdpi 2023
Subjects:
T Technology (General)
Online Access:http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/9798/1/J15835_41e631c98f90102ef05715a3e68bf76b.pdf
http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/9798/
https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11030708
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spelling my.uthm.eprints.97982023-09-13T07:22:16Z http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/9798/ Synthesis of ZnO Nanorods at Very Low Temperatures Using Ultrasonically Pre-Treated Growth Solution Khairul Anuar Wahid, Khairul Anuar Wahid Irfan Abdul Rahim, Irfan Abdul Rahim Syafiqah Nur Azrie Safri, Syafiqah Nur Azrie Safri Ahmad Hamdan Ariffin, Ahmad Hamdan Ariffin T Technology (General) This paper investigates how the pre-treatment of the growth solution with ultrasonic energy affects the annealing temperatures and the growth temperatures of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods. The ultrasonic pre-treatment of the growth solution resulted in the successful growth of ZnO nanorods at a very low annealing temperature of 40 ◦C. The size and density of ZnO nanorods were found to increase proportionally with the increasing duration of pre-ultrasonic treatment, as indicated by characterisations performed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). At an annealing temperature of 40 ◦C, coupled with ultrasonic waves, the SEM results showed that ZnO nanorods’ length and diameter increased by 37 and 25%. A similar pattern was also observed at an annealing temperature of 60 and 80 ◦C, where the length and diameter of ZnO nanorods increased. In addition, the conductivity and acidity of the aqueous solution that had been sonicated were measured. The results showed that solution conductivity and acidity increased as the ultrasonic treatment continued for longer periods. After 3 min of sonication, the final conductivity and acidity of the solutions were found to be 9164 µS/cm and 6.64, respectively. The results also indicated that the ultrasonic pre-treatment of the growth solution increased the zinc nutrient concentration, which would affect the formation of ZnO nanorods. In addition to the ultrasonic effect, the annealing temperature influenced the active nucleation sites essential to the ZnO nanorods’ expansion. Mdpi 2023 Article PeerReviewed text en http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/9798/1/J15835_41e631c98f90102ef05715a3e68bf76b.pdf Khairul Anuar Wahid, Khairul Anuar Wahid and Irfan Abdul Rahim, Irfan Abdul Rahim and Syafiqah Nur Azrie Safri, Syafiqah Nur Azrie Safri and Ahmad Hamdan Ariffin, Ahmad Hamdan Ariffin (2023) Synthesis of ZnO Nanorods at Very Low Temperatures Using Ultrasonically Pre-Treated Growth Solution. Processes, 11 (708). pp. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11030708
institution Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
building UTHM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
content_source UTHM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/
language English
topic T Technology (General)
spellingShingle T Technology (General)
Khairul Anuar Wahid, Khairul Anuar Wahid
Irfan Abdul Rahim, Irfan Abdul Rahim
Syafiqah Nur Azrie Safri, Syafiqah Nur Azrie Safri
Ahmad Hamdan Ariffin, Ahmad Hamdan Ariffin
Synthesis of ZnO Nanorods at Very Low Temperatures Using Ultrasonically Pre-Treated Growth Solution
description This paper investigates how the pre-treatment of the growth solution with ultrasonic energy affects the annealing temperatures and the growth temperatures of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods. The ultrasonic pre-treatment of the growth solution resulted in the successful growth of ZnO nanorods at a very low annealing temperature of 40 ◦C. The size and density of ZnO nanorods were found to increase proportionally with the increasing duration of pre-ultrasonic treatment, as indicated by characterisations performed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). At an annealing temperature of 40 ◦C, coupled with ultrasonic waves, the SEM results showed that ZnO nanorods’ length and diameter increased by 37 and 25%. A similar pattern was also observed at an annealing temperature of 60 and 80 ◦C, where the length and diameter of ZnO nanorods increased. In addition, the conductivity and acidity of the aqueous solution that had been sonicated were measured. The results showed that solution conductivity and acidity increased as the ultrasonic treatment continued for longer periods. After 3 min of sonication, the final conductivity and acidity of the solutions were found to be 9164 µS/cm and 6.64, respectively. The results also indicated that the ultrasonic pre-treatment of the growth solution increased the zinc nutrient concentration, which would affect the formation of ZnO nanorods. In addition to the ultrasonic effect, the annealing temperature influenced the active nucleation sites essential to the ZnO nanorods’ expansion.
format Article
author Khairul Anuar Wahid, Khairul Anuar Wahid
Irfan Abdul Rahim, Irfan Abdul Rahim
Syafiqah Nur Azrie Safri, Syafiqah Nur Azrie Safri
Ahmad Hamdan Ariffin, Ahmad Hamdan Ariffin
author_facet Khairul Anuar Wahid, Khairul Anuar Wahid
Irfan Abdul Rahim, Irfan Abdul Rahim
Syafiqah Nur Azrie Safri, Syafiqah Nur Azrie Safri
Ahmad Hamdan Ariffin, Ahmad Hamdan Ariffin
author_sort Khairul Anuar Wahid, Khairul Anuar Wahid
title Synthesis of ZnO Nanorods at Very Low Temperatures Using Ultrasonically Pre-Treated Growth Solution
title_short Synthesis of ZnO Nanorods at Very Low Temperatures Using Ultrasonically Pre-Treated Growth Solution
title_full Synthesis of ZnO Nanorods at Very Low Temperatures Using Ultrasonically Pre-Treated Growth Solution
title_fullStr Synthesis of ZnO Nanorods at Very Low Temperatures Using Ultrasonically Pre-Treated Growth Solution
title_full_unstemmed Synthesis of ZnO Nanorods at Very Low Temperatures Using Ultrasonically Pre-Treated Growth Solution
title_sort synthesis of zno nanorods at very low temperatures using ultrasonically pre-treated growth solution
publisher Mdpi
publishDate 2023
url http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/9798/1/J15835_41e631c98f90102ef05715a3e68bf76b.pdf
http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/9798/
https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11030708
_version_ 1778164197106909184
score 13.211869

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