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Steel Slag and Limestone as a Rock Filter for Eliminating Phosphorus from Domestic Wastewater: A Pilot Study in a Warm Climate

Phosphorus input with excessive use of fertilizers and manure as one of the main sources of nutrient pollution has increased recently in the wastewater as result of intensive farming and industrialized and densely populated areas. The novelty of the current work lies in improving a Vertical Aerated...

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Main Authors: Maarup, Syahrul Nizam, Hamdan, Rafidah, Othman, Norzila, Adel Al-Gheethi, Adel Al-Gheethi, Sadeq Alkhadher, Sadeq Alkhadher, Abd El-Hady, M. M., El-Sayed Saeed, S.
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Mdpi 2023
Subjects:
T Technology (General)
Online Access:http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/9793/1/J15783_24a308187905c6133c0e790f9d22eb15.pdf
http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/9793/
https://doi.org/10.3390/w15040657
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spelling my.uthm.eprints.97932023-09-13T07:22:00Z http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/9793/ Steel Slag and Limestone as a Rock Filter for Eliminating Phosphorus from Domestic Wastewater: A Pilot Study in a Warm Climate Maarup, Syahrul Nizam Hamdan, Rafidah Othman, Norzila Adel Al-Gheethi, Adel Al-Gheethi Sadeq Alkhadher, Sadeq Alkhadher Abd El-Hady, M. M. El-Sayed Saeed, S. T Technology (General) Phosphorus input with excessive use of fertilizers and manure as one of the main sources of nutrient pollution has increased recently in the wastewater as result of intensive farming and industrialized and densely populated areas. The novelty of the current work lies in improving a Vertical Aerated Rock Filter (VARF) using steel slag and limestone media to enhance the efficiency of a rock filter (RF) to eliminate total phosphorus (TP) from domestic wastewater. RF was designed with steel slag and limestone (calcium hydroxide) as a pilot scale called vertical aerated steel slag filter (VASSF) and optimized based on hydraulic loading rates (HLR) (0.16 to 5.44 m3/m3 day) and airflow rates ranging from 3 to 10 L/min. The highest removal for the design of the laboratory scale steel slag filter (LSSSF) was achieved by approximately 58%, while for the laboratory-scale limestone filter (LSLSF), it was 64%. The VASSF achieved a removal percentage at 30% of TP, biological oxygen demand (BOD; 89%), chemical oxygen demand (COD; 75%), total suspended solids (TSS; 73%), and total coliforms (TC; 96%), recorded with 7 L/min of an airflow rate and 1.04 m3/m3 day of hydraulic loading rate (HLR) at potential of hydrogen (pH) 7.3 and 5.09 mg/L of dissolved oxygen (DO). These findings indicated that the steel slag is higher than limestone in TP removal, because of ion exchange between phosphorus hydrolysis and the adsorption process. Moreover, in the pilot study, the removal efficiency needs more investigation to determine the best conditions for TP considering the temperature, which is unstable, and presence of other pollutants, which might negatively affect the removal efficiency under unstable conditions. Mdpi 2023 Article PeerReviewed text en http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/9793/1/J15783_24a308187905c6133c0e790f9d22eb15.pdf Maarup, Syahrul Nizam and Hamdan, Rafidah and Othman, Norzila and Adel Al-Gheethi, Adel Al-Gheethi and Sadeq Alkhadher, Sadeq Alkhadher and Abd El-Hady, M. M. and El-Sayed Saeed, S. (2023) Steel Slag and Limestone as a Rock Filter for Eliminating Phosphorus from Domestic Wastewater: A Pilot Study in a Warm Climate. Water, 15 (657). pp. 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15040657
institution Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
building UTHM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
content_source UTHM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/
language English
topic T Technology (General)
spellingShingle T Technology (General)
Maarup, Syahrul Nizam
Hamdan, Rafidah
Othman, Norzila
Adel Al-Gheethi, Adel Al-Gheethi
Sadeq Alkhadher, Sadeq Alkhadher
Abd El-Hady, M. M.
El-Sayed Saeed, S.
Steel Slag and Limestone as a Rock Filter for Eliminating Phosphorus from Domestic Wastewater: A Pilot Study in a Warm Climate
description Phosphorus input with excessive use of fertilizers and manure as one of the main sources of nutrient pollution has increased recently in the wastewater as result of intensive farming and industrialized and densely populated areas. The novelty of the current work lies in improving a Vertical Aerated Rock Filter (VARF) using steel slag and limestone media to enhance the efficiency of a rock filter (RF) to eliminate total phosphorus (TP) from domestic wastewater. RF was designed with steel slag and limestone (calcium hydroxide) as a pilot scale called vertical aerated steel slag filter (VASSF) and optimized based on hydraulic loading rates (HLR) (0.16 to 5.44 m3/m3 day) and airflow rates ranging from 3 to 10 L/min. The highest removal for the design of the laboratory scale steel slag filter (LSSSF) was achieved by approximately 58%, while for the laboratory-scale limestone filter (LSLSF), it was 64%. The VASSF achieved a removal percentage at 30% of TP, biological oxygen demand (BOD; 89%), chemical oxygen demand (COD; 75%), total suspended solids (TSS; 73%), and total coliforms (TC; 96%), recorded with 7 L/min of an airflow rate and 1.04 m3/m3 day of hydraulic loading rate (HLR) at potential of hydrogen (pH) 7.3 and 5.09 mg/L of dissolved oxygen (DO). These findings indicated that the steel slag is higher than limestone in TP removal, because of ion exchange between phosphorus hydrolysis and the adsorption process. Moreover, in the pilot study, the removal efficiency needs more investigation to determine the best conditions for TP considering the temperature, which is unstable, and presence of other pollutants, which might negatively affect the removal efficiency under unstable conditions.
format Article
author Maarup, Syahrul Nizam
Hamdan, Rafidah
Othman, Norzila
Adel Al-Gheethi, Adel Al-Gheethi
Sadeq Alkhadher, Sadeq Alkhadher
Abd El-Hady, M. M.
El-Sayed Saeed, S.
author_facet Maarup, Syahrul Nizam
Hamdan, Rafidah
Othman, Norzila
Adel Al-Gheethi, Adel Al-Gheethi
Sadeq Alkhadher, Sadeq Alkhadher
Abd El-Hady, M. M.
El-Sayed Saeed, S.
author_sort Maarup, Syahrul Nizam
title Steel Slag and Limestone as a Rock Filter for Eliminating Phosphorus from Domestic Wastewater: A Pilot Study in a Warm Climate
title_short Steel Slag and Limestone as a Rock Filter for Eliminating Phosphorus from Domestic Wastewater: A Pilot Study in a Warm Climate
title_full Steel Slag and Limestone as a Rock Filter for Eliminating Phosphorus from Domestic Wastewater: A Pilot Study in a Warm Climate
title_fullStr Steel Slag and Limestone as a Rock Filter for Eliminating Phosphorus from Domestic Wastewater: A Pilot Study in a Warm Climate
title_full_unstemmed Steel Slag and Limestone as a Rock Filter for Eliminating Phosphorus from Domestic Wastewater: A Pilot Study in a Warm Climate
title_sort steel slag and limestone as a rock filter for eliminating phosphorus from domestic wastewater: a pilot study in a warm climate
publisher Mdpi
publishDate 2023
url http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/9793/1/J15783_24a308187905c6133c0e790f9d22eb15.pdf
http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/9793/
https://doi.org/10.3390/w15040657
_version_ 1778164196356128768
score 13.211869

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