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Effect of Various Plasticizers in Different Concentrations on Physical, Thermal, Mechanical, and Structural Properties of Wheat Starch-Based Films

Biocomposite materials are essential for environmental protection, as they have the ability of substituting synthetic plastic with natural materials. This work investigated how different plasticizers (Glycerol (G), Fructose (F), Sorbitol (S), and Urea (U)) affect the morphological, mechanical, therm...

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Main Authors:	Mohammed, Abdulrahman A. B. A., Zaimah Hasan, Zaimah Hasan, Borhana Omran, Abdoulhdi A., M. Elfaghi, Abdulhafid, Khattak, M.A., Ilyas, R. A., Sapuan, S. M.
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI 2023
Subjects:	TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery
Online Access:	http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/8714/1/J15605_e38200ba2afaa45858bfbc0713160cab.pdf http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/8714/ https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15010063
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spelling	my.uthm.eprints.87142023-05-16T02:30:49Z http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/8714/ Effect of Various Plasticizers in Different Concentrations on Physical, Thermal, Mechanical, and Structural Properties of Wheat Starch-Based Films Mohammed, Abdulrahman A. B. A. Zaimah Hasan, Zaimah Hasan Borhana Omran, Abdoulhdi A. M. Elfaghi, Abdulhafid Khattak, M.A. Ilyas, R. A. Sapuan, S. M. TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery Biocomposite materials are essential for environmental protection, as they have the ability of substituting synthetic plastic with natural materials. This work investigated how different plasticizers (Glycerol (G), Fructose (F), Sorbitol (S), and Urea (U)) affect the morphological, mechanical, thermal, and physical characteristics of films made of wheat starch at various concentrations (0%, 15%, 25%, and 35%). Plasticizers were added to improve the flexibility and homogeneity of the wheat starch-based bioplastic. Control film exhibited high tensile strength (38.7 MPa) with low elongation (1.9%). However, films plasticized with 35% sorbitol showed the highest elongation, which was 60.7% at break. At 35% of all plasticizers, fructose showed the highest tensile strength, with 7.6 MPa. The addition of different plasticizers shows improvement in water resistance; films plasticized with glycerol had the lowest water absorption at 35% fructose (187.4%) and also showed coherent surfaces. Glycerol, sorbitol, and urea films showed a higher mass loss compared to fructose films. Fructose showed the highest performance after the analysis of the results, with low water absorption, water content, and mass loss and with high mechanical performance at 35% of fructose. SEM images show that the addition of fructose and glycerol improves the surface homogenate, while sorbitol and urea have a less compact structure with large pores. MDPI 2023 Article PeerReviewed text en http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/8714/1/J15605_e38200ba2afaa45858bfbc0713160cab.pdf Mohammed, Abdulrahman A. B. A. and Zaimah Hasan, Zaimah Hasan and Borhana Omran, Abdoulhdi A. and M. Elfaghi, Abdulhafid and Khattak, M.A. and Ilyas, R. A. and Sapuan, S. M. (2023) Effect of Various Plasticizers in Different Concentrations on Physical, Thermal, Mechanical, and Structural Properties of Wheat Starch-Based Films. Polymers, 15 (63). pp. 1-21. ISSN 2073-4360 https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15010063
institution	Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
building	UTHM Library
collection	Institutional Repository
continent	Asia
country	Malaysia
content_provider	Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
content_source	UTHM Institutional Repository
url_provider	http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/
language	English
topic	TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery
spellingShingle	TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery Mohammed, Abdulrahman A. B. A. Zaimah Hasan, Zaimah Hasan Borhana Omran, Abdoulhdi A. M. Elfaghi, Abdulhafid Khattak, M.A. Ilyas, R. A. Sapuan, S. M. Effect of Various Plasticizers in Different Concentrations on Physical, Thermal, Mechanical, and Structural Properties of Wheat Starch-Based Films
description	Biocomposite materials are essential for environmental protection, as they have the ability of substituting synthetic plastic with natural materials. This work investigated how different plasticizers (Glycerol (G), Fructose (F), Sorbitol (S), and Urea (U)) affect the morphological, mechanical, thermal, and physical characteristics of films made of wheat starch at various concentrations (0%, 15%, 25%, and 35%). Plasticizers were added to improve the flexibility and homogeneity of the wheat starch-based bioplastic. Control film exhibited high tensile strength (38.7 MPa) with low elongation (1.9%). However, films plasticized with 35% sorbitol showed the highest elongation, which was 60.7% at break. At 35% of all plasticizers, fructose showed the highest tensile strength, with 7.6 MPa. The addition of different plasticizers shows improvement in water resistance; films plasticized with glycerol had the lowest water absorption at 35% fructose (187.4%) and also showed coherent surfaces. Glycerol, sorbitol, and urea films showed a higher mass loss compared to fructose films. Fructose showed the highest performance after the analysis of the results, with low water absorption, water content, and mass loss and with high mechanical performance at 35% of fructose. SEM images show that the addition of fructose and glycerol improves the surface homogenate, while sorbitol and urea have a less compact structure with large pores.
format	Article
author	Mohammed, Abdulrahman A. B. A. Zaimah Hasan, Zaimah Hasan Borhana Omran, Abdoulhdi A. M. Elfaghi, Abdulhafid Khattak, M.A. Ilyas, R. A. Sapuan, S. M.
author_facet	Mohammed, Abdulrahman A. B. A. Zaimah Hasan, Zaimah Hasan Borhana Omran, Abdoulhdi A. M. Elfaghi, Abdulhafid Khattak, M.A. Ilyas, R. A. Sapuan, S. M.
author_sort	Mohammed, Abdulrahman A. B. A.
title	Effect of Various Plasticizers in Different Concentrations on Physical, Thermal, Mechanical, and Structural Properties of Wheat Starch-Based Films
title_short	Effect of Various Plasticizers in Different Concentrations on Physical, Thermal, Mechanical, and Structural Properties of Wheat Starch-Based Films
title_full	Effect of Various Plasticizers in Different Concentrations on Physical, Thermal, Mechanical, and Structural Properties of Wheat Starch-Based Films
title_fullStr	Effect of Various Plasticizers in Different Concentrations on Physical, Thermal, Mechanical, and Structural Properties of Wheat Starch-Based Films
title_full_unstemmed	Effect of Various Plasticizers in Different Concentrations on Physical, Thermal, Mechanical, and Structural Properties of Wheat Starch-Based Films
title_sort	effect of various plasticizers in different concentrations on physical, thermal, mechanical, and structural properties of wheat starch-based films
publisher	MDPI
publishDate	2023
url	http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/8714/1/J15605_e38200ba2afaa45858bfbc0713160cab.pdf http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/8714/ https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15010063
_version_	1768009925683838976
score	13.211869

Effect of Various Plasticizers in Different Concentrations on Physical, Thermal, Mechanical, and Structural Properties of Wheat Starch-Based Films

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