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A comprehensive review of synthesis kinetics and formation mechanism of geopolymers

Geopolymers are synthesized by alkali or acid activation of aluminosilicate materials. This paper critically reviews the synthesis kinetics and formation mechanism of geopolymers. A variety of mechanistic tools such as Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM) and in situ Energy Dispersive X...

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Main Authors: Ahmer Ali Siyal, Ahmer Ali Siyal, Radin Mohamed,, Radin Maya Saphira, Shamsuddin, Rashid, Ridzuan, Mohd Baharudin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: 2024
Subjects:
T Technology (General)
Online Access:http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/10918/1/J17375_2562214b9f570b8f1fbc8e7b98f6db15.pdf
http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/10918/
https://doi.org/10.1039/d3ra06205h
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spelling my.uthm.eprints.109182024-05-13T11:48:37Z http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/10918/ A comprehensive review of synthesis kinetics and formation mechanism of geopolymers Ahmer Ali Siyal, Ahmer Ali Siyal Radin Mohamed,, Radin Maya Saphira Shamsuddin, Rashid Ridzuan, Mohd Baharudin T Technology (General) Geopolymers are synthesized by alkali or acid activation of aluminosilicate materials. This paper critically reviews the synthesis kinetics and formation mechanism of geopolymers. A variety of mechanistic tools such as Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM) and in situ Energy Dispersive X-ray diffractometry (EDXRD), in situ Isothermal Conduction Calorimetry (ICC), in situ Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), 1 H low-field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Isothermal Conduction Calorimetry (ISC), and others and phenomenological models such as the John–Mehl–Avrami–Kolmogorov (JMAK) model, modified Jandar model, and exponential and Knudson linear dispersion models were used to study the geopolymerization kinetics and many mechanisms were proposed for the synthesis of geopolymers. The mechanistic tools and phenomenological models provided new insights about geopolymerization kinetics and formation mechanisms but each of the techniques used possesses some limitations. These limitations need to be removed and new methods or techniques must be developed to overcome these challenges and get more detailed information about all types of geopolymers. The formation mechanism consists of three to four stages such as dissolution of raw materials, polymerization of silica and alumina, condensation, and reorganization. The Si/Al ratio above the Si/Al ratio of reactants is more suitable and it increases the rate or degree of reaction and produces a higher compressive strength geopolymer. The Na/Al ratio of 1, 2024 Article PeerReviewed text en http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/10918/1/J17375_2562214b9f570b8f1fbc8e7b98f6db15.pdf Ahmer Ali Siyal, Ahmer Ali Siyal and Radin Mohamed,, Radin Maya Saphira and Shamsuddin, Rashid and Ridzuan, Mohd Baharudin (2024) A comprehensive review of synthesis kinetics and formation mechanism of geopolymers. RSC Advances, 14. pp. 446-462. https://doi.org/10.1039/d3ra06205h
institution Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
building UTHM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
content_source UTHM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/
language English
topic T Technology (General)
spellingShingle T Technology (General)
Ahmer Ali Siyal, Ahmer Ali Siyal
Radin Mohamed,, Radin Maya Saphira
Shamsuddin, Rashid
Ridzuan, Mohd Baharudin
A comprehensive review of synthesis kinetics and formation mechanism of geopolymers
description Geopolymers are synthesized by alkali or acid activation of aluminosilicate materials. This paper critically reviews the synthesis kinetics and formation mechanism of geopolymers. A variety of mechanistic tools such as Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM) and in situ Energy Dispersive X-ray diffractometry (EDXRD), in situ Isothermal Conduction Calorimetry (ICC), in situ Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), 1 H low-field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Isothermal Conduction Calorimetry (ISC), and others and phenomenological models such as the John–Mehl–Avrami–Kolmogorov (JMAK) model, modified Jandar model, and exponential and Knudson linear dispersion models were used to study the geopolymerization kinetics and many mechanisms were proposed for the synthesis of geopolymers. The mechanistic tools and phenomenological models provided new insights about geopolymerization kinetics and formation mechanisms but each of the techniques used possesses some limitations. These limitations need to be removed and new methods or techniques must be developed to overcome these challenges and get more detailed information about all types of geopolymers. The formation mechanism consists of three to four stages such as dissolution of raw materials, polymerization of silica and alumina, condensation, and reorganization. The Si/Al ratio above the Si/Al ratio of reactants is more suitable and it increases the rate or degree of reaction and produces a higher compressive strength geopolymer. The Na/Al ratio of 1,
format Article
author Ahmer Ali Siyal, Ahmer Ali Siyal
Radin Mohamed,, Radin Maya Saphira
Shamsuddin, Rashid
Ridzuan, Mohd Baharudin
author_facet Ahmer Ali Siyal, Ahmer Ali Siyal
Radin Mohamed,, Radin Maya Saphira
Shamsuddin, Rashid
Ridzuan, Mohd Baharudin
author_sort Ahmer Ali Siyal, Ahmer Ali Siyal
title A comprehensive review of synthesis kinetics and formation mechanism of geopolymers
title_short A comprehensive review of synthesis kinetics and formation mechanism of geopolymers
title_full A comprehensive review of synthesis kinetics and formation mechanism of geopolymers
title_fullStr A comprehensive review of synthesis kinetics and formation mechanism of geopolymers
title_full_unstemmed A comprehensive review of synthesis kinetics and formation mechanism of geopolymers
title_sort comprehensive review of synthesis kinetics and formation mechanism of geopolymers
publishDate 2024
url http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/10918/1/J17375_2562214b9f570b8f1fbc8e7b98f6db15.pdf
http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/10918/
https://doi.org/10.1039/d3ra06205h
_version_ 1800094625413726208
score 13.211869

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