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Effect of forearm postures and elbow joint angles on elbow flexion torque and mechanomyography in neuromuscular electrical stimulation of the biceps brachii

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation plays a pivotal role in rehabilitating muscle function among individuals with neurological impairment. However, there remains uncertainty regarding whether the muscle’s response to electrical excitation is affected by forearm posture, joint angle, or a combinatio...

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Main Authors: Sundaraj, Kenneth, Uwamahoro, Raphael, Feroz, Farah Shahnaz
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI 2023
Online Access:http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/28174/2/0250907122023459.pdf
http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/28174/
https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/19/8165
https://doi.org/10.3390/s23198165
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spelling my.utem.eprints.281742025-01-06T10:19:26Z http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/28174/ Effect of forearm postures and elbow joint angles on elbow flexion torque and mechanomyography in neuromuscular electrical stimulation of the biceps brachii Sundaraj, Kenneth Uwamahoro, Raphael Feroz, Farah Shahnaz Neuromuscular electrical stimulation plays a pivotal role in rehabilitating muscle function among individuals with neurological impairment. However, there remains uncertainty regarding whether the muscle’s response to electrical excitation is affected by forearm posture, joint angle, or a combination of both factors. This study aimed to investigate the effects of forearm postures and elbow joint angles on the muscle torque and MMG signals. Measurements of the torque around the elbow and MMG of the biceps brachii (BB) muscle were conducted in 36 healthy subjects (age, 22.24 ± 2.94 years; height, 172 ± 0.5 cm; and weight, 67.01 ± 7.22 kg) using an in-house elbow flexion testbed and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) of the BB muscle. The BB muscle was stimulated while the forearm was positioned in the neutral, pronation, or supination positions. The elbow was flexed at angles of 10°, 30°, 60°, and 90°. The study analyzed the impact of the forearm posture(s) and elbow joint angle(s) on the root-mean-square value of the torque (TQRMS). Subsequently, various MMG parameters, such as the root mean-square value (MMGRMS), the mean power frequency (MMGMPF), and the median frequency (MMGMDF), were analyzed along the longitudinal, lateral, and transverse axes of the BB muscle fibers. The test–retest interclass correlation coefficient (ICC21) for the torque and MMG ranged from 0.522 to 0.828. Repeated-measure ANOVAs showed that the forearm posture and elbow flexion angle significantly influenced the TQRMS (p < 0.05). Similarly, the MMGRMS, MMGMPF, and MMGMDF showed significant differences among all the postures and angles (p < 0.05). However, the combined main effect of the forearm posture and elbow joint angle was insignificant along the longitudinal axis (p > 0.05). The study also found that the MMGRMS and TQRMS increased with increases in the joint angle from 10° to 60° and decreased at greater angles. However, during this investigation, the MMGMPF and MMGMDF exhibited a consistent decrease in response to increases in the joint angle for the lateral and transverse axes of the BB muscle. These findings suggest that the muscle contraction evoked by NMES may be influenced by the interplay between actin and myosin filaments, which are responsible for muscle contraction and are, in turn, influenced by the muscle length. Because restoring the function of limbs is a common goal in rehabilitation services, the use of MMG in the development of methods that may enable the real-time tracking of exact muscle dimensional changes and activation levels is imperative. MDPI 2023-10 Article PeerReviewed text en cc_by_4 http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/28174/2/0250907122023459.pdf Sundaraj, Kenneth and Uwamahoro, Raphael and Feroz, Farah Shahnaz (2023) Effect of forearm postures and elbow joint angles on elbow flexion torque and mechanomyography in neuromuscular electrical stimulation of the biceps brachii. Sensors, 23 (9). pp. 1-17. ISSN 1424-8220 https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/19/8165 https://doi.org/10.3390/s23198165
institution Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
building UTEM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
content_source UTEM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://eprints.utem.edu.my/
language English
description Neuromuscular electrical stimulation plays a pivotal role in rehabilitating muscle function among individuals with neurological impairment. However, there remains uncertainty regarding whether the muscle’s response to electrical excitation is affected by forearm posture, joint angle, or a combination of both factors. This study aimed to investigate the effects of forearm postures and elbow joint angles on the muscle torque and MMG signals. Measurements of the torque around the elbow and MMG of the biceps brachii (BB) muscle were conducted in 36 healthy subjects (age, 22.24 ± 2.94 years; height, 172 ± 0.5 cm; and weight, 67.01 ± 7.22 kg) using an in-house elbow flexion testbed and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) of the BB muscle. The BB muscle was stimulated while the forearm was positioned in the neutral, pronation, or supination positions. The elbow was flexed at angles of 10°, 30°, 60°, and 90°. The study analyzed the impact of the forearm posture(s) and elbow joint angle(s) on the root-mean-square value of the torque (TQRMS). Subsequently, various MMG parameters, such as the root mean-square value (MMGRMS), the mean power frequency (MMGMPF), and the median frequency (MMGMDF), were analyzed along the longitudinal, lateral, and transverse axes of the BB muscle fibers. The test–retest interclass correlation coefficient (ICC21) for the torque and MMG ranged from 0.522 to 0.828. Repeated-measure ANOVAs showed that the forearm posture and elbow flexion angle significantly influenced the TQRMS (p < 0.05). Similarly, the MMGRMS, MMGMPF, and MMGMDF showed significant differences among all the postures and angles (p < 0.05). However, the combined main effect of the forearm posture and elbow joint angle was insignificant along the longitudinal axis (p > 0.05). The study also found that the MMGRMS and TQRMS increased with increases in the joint angle from 10° to 60° and decreased at greater angles. However, during this investigation, the MMGMPF and MMGMDF exhibited a consistent decrease in response to increases in the joint angle for the lateral and transverse axes of the BB muscle. These findings suggest that the muscle contraction evoked by NMES may be influenced by the interplay between actin and myosin filaments, which are responsible for muscle contraction and are, in turn, influenced by the muscle length. Because restoring the function of limbs is a common goal in rehabilitation services, the use of MMG in the development of methods that may enable the real-time tracking of exact muscle dimensional changes and activation levels is imperative.
format Article
author Sundaraj, Kenneth
Uwamahoro, Raphael
Feroz, Farah Shahnaz
spellingShingle Sundaraj, Kenneth
Uwamahoro, Raphael
Feroz, Farah Shahnaz
Effect of forearm postures and elbow joint angles on elbow flexion torque and mechanomyography in neuromuscular electrical stimulation of the biceps brachii
author_facet Sundaraj, Kenneth
Uwamahoro, Raphael
Feroz, Farah Shahnaz
author_sort Sundaraj, Kenneth
title Effect of forearm postures and elbow joint angles on elbow flexion torque and mechanomyography in neuromuscular electrical stimulation of the biceps brachii
title_short Effect of forearm postures and elbow joint angles on elbow flexion torque and mechanomyography in neuromuscular electrical stimulation of the biceps brachii
title_full Effect of forearm postures and elbow joint angles on elbow flexion torque and mechanomyography in neuromuscular electrical stimulation of the biceps brachii
title_fullStr Effect of forearm postures and elbow joint angles on elbow flexion torque and mechanomyography in neuromuscular electrical stimulation of the biceps brachii
title_full_unstemmed Effect of forearm postures and elbow joint angles on elbow flexion torque and mechanomyography in neuromuscular electrical stimulation of the biceps brachii
title_sort effect of forearm postures and elbow joint angles on elbow flexion torque and mechanomyography in neuromuscular electrical stimulation of the biceps brachii
publisher MDPI
publishDate 2023
url http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/28174/2/0250907122023459.pdf
http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/28174/
https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/19/8165
https://doi.org/10.3390/s23198165
_version_ 1821007589956124672
score 13.235796

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