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Insight into unsteady separated stagnation point flow of hybrid nanofluids subjected to an electro-magnetohydrodynamics Riga plate

The main objective of this work is to analyze and compare the numerical solutions of an unsteady separated stagnation point flow due to a Riga plate using copper–alumina/water and graphene–alumina/water hybrid nanofluids. The Riga plate generates electro-magnetohydrodynamics (EMHD) which is expected...

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Main Authors: Md Arifin, Norihan, Khashi’ie, Najiyah Safwa, Wahid, Nur Syahirah, Pop, Ioan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI 2023
Online Access:http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/27502/2/0220826122023.PDF
http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/27502/
https://www.mdpi.com/2312-7481/9/2/46
https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry9020046
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spelling my.utem.eprints.275022024-07-04T11:59:40Z http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/27502/ Insight into unsteady separated stagnation point flow of hybrid nanofluids subjected to an electro-magnetohydrodynamics Riga plate Md Arifin, Norihan Khashi’ie, Najiyah Safwa Wahid, Nur Syahirah Pop, Ioan The main objective of this work is to analyze and compare the numerical solutions of an unsteady separated stagnation point flow due to a Riga plate using copper–alumina/water and graphene–alumina/water hybrid nanofluids. The Riga plate generates electro-magnetohydrodynamics (EMHD) which is expected to delay the boundary layer separation. The flow and energy equations are mathematically developed based on the boundary layer assumptions. These equations are then simplified with the aid of the similarity variables. The numerical results are generated by the bvp4c function and then presented in graphs and tables. The limitation of this model is the use of a Riga plate as the testing surface and water as the base fluid. The results may differ if another wall surfaces or base fluids are considered. Another limitation is the Takabi and Salehi’s correlation of hybrid nanofluid is used for the computational part. The findings reveal that dual solutions exist where the first solution is stable using the validation from stability analysis. Graphene–alumina/water has the maximum skin friction coefficient while copper–alumina/water has the maximum thermal coefficient for larger acceleration parameter. Besides, the single nanofluids (copper–water, graphene–water and alumina–water) are also tested and compared with the hybrid nanofluids. Surprisingly, graphene– water has the maximum skin friction coefficient while alumina–water has the maximum heat transfer rate. The findings are only conclusive and limited to the comparison between graphene–alumina and copper–alumina with water base fluid. The result may differ if another base fluid is used. Hence, future study is necessary to investigate the thermal progress of these hybrid nanofluids. MDPI 2023-02 Article PeerReviewed text en http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/27502/2/0220826122023.PDF Md Arifin, Norihan and Khashi’ie, Najiyah Safwa and Wahid, Nur Syahirah and Pop, Ioan (2023) Insight into unsteady separated stagnation point flow of hybrid nanofluids subjected to an electro-magnetohydrodynamics Riga plate. Magnetochemistry, 9 (2). p. 46. ISSN 2312-7481 https://www.mdpi.com/2312-7481/9/2/46 https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry9020046
institution Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
building UTEM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
content_source UTEM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://eprints.utem.edu.my/
language English
description The main objective of this work is to analyze and compare the numerical solutions of an unsteady separated stagnation point flow due to a Riga plate using copper–alumina/water and graphene–alumina/water hybrid nanofluids. The Riga plate generates electro-magnetohydrodynamics (EMHD) which is expected to delay the boundary layer separation. The flow and energy equations are mathematically developed based on the boundary layer assumptions. These equations are then simplified with the aid of the similarity variables. The numerical results are generated by the bvp4c function and then presented in graphs and tables. The limitation of this model is the use of a Riga plate as the testing surface and water as the base fluid. The results may differ if another wall surfaces or base fluids are considered. Another limitation is the Takabi and Salehi’s correlation of hybrid nanofluid is used for the computational part. The findings reveal that dual solutions exist where the first solution is stable using the validation from stability analysis. Graphene–alumina/water has the maximum skin friction coefficient while copper–alumina/water has the maximum thermal coefficient for larger acceleration parameter. Besides, the single nanofluids (copper–water, graphene–water and alumina–water) are also tested and compared with the hybrid nanofluids. Surprisingly, graphene– water has the maximum skin friction coefficient while alumina–water has the maximum heat transfer rate. The findings are only conclusive and limited to the comparison between graphene–alumina and copper–alumina with water base fluid. The result may differ if another base fluid is used. Hence, future study is necessary to investigate the thermal progress of these hybrid nanofluids.
format Article
author Md Arifin, Norihan
Khashi’ie, Najiyah Safwa
Wahid, Nur Syahirah
Pop, Ioan
spellingShingle Md Arifin, Norihan
Khashi’ie, Najiyah Safwa
Wahid, Nur Syahirah
Pop, Ioan
Insight into unsteady separated stagnation point flow of hybrid nanofluids subjected to an electro-magnetohydrodynamics Riga plate
author_facet Md Arifin, Norihan
Khashi’ie, Najiyah Safwa
Wahid, Nur Syahirah
Pop, Ioan
author_sort Md Arifin, Norihan
title Insight into unsteady separated stagnation point flow of hybrid nanofluids subjected to an electro-magnetohydrodynamics Riga plate
title_short Insight into unsteady separated stagnation point flow of hybrid nanofluids subjected to an electro-magnetohydrodynamics Riga plate
title_full Insight into unsteady separated stagnation point flow of hybrid nanofluids subjected to an electro-magnetohydrodynamics Riga plate
title_fullStr Insight into unsteady separated stagnation point flow of hybrid nanofluids subjected to an electro-magnetohydrodynamics Riga plate
title_full_unstemmed Insight into unsteady separated stagnation point flow of hybrid nanofluids subjected to an electro-magnetohydrodynamics Riga plate
title_sort insight into unsteady separated stagnation point flow of hybrid nanofluids subjected to an electro-magnetohydrodynamics riga plate
publisher MDPI
publishDate 2023
url http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/27502/2/0220826122023.PDF
http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/27502/
https://www.mdpi.com/2312-7481/9/2/46
https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry9020046
_version_ 1804070323972210688
score 13.211869

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