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Analysis of mechanisms responsible for the formation of dark spots in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs): a review

Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) is a new promising technology in lighting and display applications due to the advantages offered by the organic over inorganic materials. Nevertheless, the devices poor environmental stability and growth of dark spots has been a major concern for OLED devices. Bas...

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Main Authors: Mohammad, Muhammad Azrain, Mansor, Muhd Ridzuan, Sheikh Md Fadzullah, Siti Hajar, Omar, Ghazali, Dhar Malingam, Sivakumar, Nordin, Mohd Nur Azmi, Lim, L. M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier B.V. 2018
Subjects:
T Technology (General)
TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
Online Access:http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/20803/2/2018_Azrain%20et%20al_Synthetic%20Metals.pdf
http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/20803/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037967791730317X?via%3Dihub
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spelling my.utem.eprints.208032023-06-20T08:45:57Z http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/20803/ Analysis of mechanisms responsible for the formation of dark spots in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs): a review Mohammad, Muhammad Azrain Mansor, Muhd Ridzuan Sheikh Md Fadzullah, Siti Hajar Omar, Ghazali Dhar Malingam, Sivakumar Nordin, Mohd Nur Azmi Lim, L. M. T Technology (General) TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) is a new promising technology in lighting and display applications due to the advantages offered by the organic over inorganic materials. Nevertheless, the devices poor environmental stability and growth of dark spots has been a major concern for OLED devices. Based on the past literatures, several failure mechanisms have been proposed, suggesting that there is no particular model for the mechanisms of dark spots formation. In addition, the formation of dark spots is relatively obscure and unpredictable. On top of that, comprehensive reviews on the dark spots formation mechanism and the prevention methods are very limited at the current moment. Yet, both information are truly critical to be obtained and understood for OLED future development works. Thus, this paper reviewed particularly on the root cause formation of dark spots mechanisms in OLED devices. The dark spots are mainly formed due to the presence of foreign impurities and pinholes, as well as due to high current intensity. These root factor of elements will further enhance the degradation of OLED via bubble formations, electro-migrations, crystallizations and many other damaging processes. A few prevention steps have been discussed in order to reduce and prevent the dark spots from occurring such as the proper material selection and conducting the fabrication process in a controlled environment. Elsevier B.V. 2018-01 Article PeerReviewed text en http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/20803/2/2018_Azrain%20et%20al_Synthetic%20Metals.pdf Mohammad, Muhammad Azrain and Mansor, Muhd Ridzuan and Sheikh Md Fadzullah, Siti Hajar and Omar, Ghazali and Dhar Malingam, Sivakumar and Nordin, Mohd Nur Azmi and Lim, L. M. (2018) Analysis of mechanisms responsible for the formation of dark spots in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs): a review. Synthetic Metals, 235. pp. 160-175. ISSN 0379-6779 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037967791730317X?via%3Dihub 10.1016/j.synthmet.2017.12.011
institution Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
building UTEM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
content_source UTEM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://eprints.utem.edu.my/
language English
topic T Technology (General)
TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
spellingShingle T Technology (General)
TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
Mohammad, Muhammad Azrain
Mansor, Muhd Ridzuan
Sheikh Md Fadzullah, Siti Hajar
Omar, Ghazali
Dhar Malingam, Sivakumar
Nordin, Mohd Nur Azmi
Lim, L. M.
Analysis of mechanisms responsible for the formation of dark spots in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs): a review
description Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) is a new promising technology in lighting and display applications due to the advantages offered by the organic over inorganic materials. Nevertheless, the devices poor environmental stability and growth of dark spots has been a major concern for OLED devices. Based on the past literatures, several failure mechanisms have been proposed, suggesting that there is no particular model for the mechanisms of dark spots formation. In addition, the formation of dark spots is relatively obscure and unpredictable. On top of that, comprehensive reviews on the dark spots formation mechanism and the prevention methods are very limited at the current moment. Yet, both information are truly critical to be obtained and understood for OLED future development works. Thus, this paper reviewed particularly on the root cause formation of dark spots mechanisms in OLED devices. The dark spots are mainly formed due to the presence of foreign impurities and pinholes, as well as due to high current intensity. These root factor of elements will further enhance the degradation of OLED via bubble formations, electro-migrations, crystallizations and many other damaging processes. A few prevention steps have been discussed in order to reduce and prevent the dark spots from occurring such as the proper material selection and conducting the fabrication process in a controlled environment.
format Article
author Mohammad, Muhammad Azrain
Mansor, Muhd Ridzuan
Sheikh Md Fadzullah, Siti Hajar
Omar, Ghazali
Dhar Malingam, Sivakumar
Nordin, Mohd Nur Azmi
Lim, L. M.
author_facet Mohammad, Muhammad Azrain
Mansor, Muhd Ridzuan
Sheikh Md Fadzullah, Siti Hajar
Omar, Ghazali
Dhar Malingam, Sivakumar
Nordin, Mohd Nur Azmi
Lim, L. M.
author_sort Mohammad, Muhammad Azrain
title Analysis of mechanisms responsible for the formation of dark spots in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs): a review
title_short Analysis of mechanisms responsible for the formation of dark spots in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs): a review
title_full Analysis of mechanisms responsible for the formation of dark spots in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs): a review
title_fullStr Analysis of mechanisms responsible for the formation of dark spots in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs): a review
title_full_unstemmed Analysis of mechanisms responsible for the formation of dark spots in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs): a review
title_sort analysis of mechanisms responsible for the formation of dark spots in organic light emitting diodes (oleds): a review
publisher Elsevier B.V.
publishDate 2018
url http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/20803/2/2018_Azrain%20et%20al_Synthetic%20Metals.pdf
http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/20803/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037967791730317X?via%3Dihub
_version_ 1769847392318783488
score 13.211869

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