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Effect of chitosan gelatinization temperature on water absorption and water retention of chitosan-based urea fertilizer

Chitosan has a high potential to be blended together in urea fertilizer for slow release properties due to its unique polymeric cationic character and gel-forming properties. In agriculture, the slow release properties are normally indicated by the ability of urea fertilizer to absorb and retain wat...

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Main Authors:	Mohamad, Noraiham, Abdul Hamid, Nor Nadiah, Abd Razak, Jeefferie, Dimin @ Mohd Amin, Mohd Fairuz
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Penerbit Universiti Malaysia Pahang 2013
Subjects:	TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery
Online Access:	http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/12276/1/IJAME2_Mohamad_et_al.pdf http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/12276/ https://ijame.ump.edu.my/images/Volume_8/23_Mohamad%20et%20al.pdf
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spelling	my.utem.eprints.122762023-07-05T12:30:10Z http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/12276/ Effect of chitosan gelatinization temperature on water absorption and water retention of chitosan-based urea fertilizer Mohamad, Noraiham Abdul Hamid, Nor Nadiah Abd Razak, Jeefferie Dimin @ Mohd Amin, Mohd Fairuz TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery Chitosan has a high potential to be blended together in urea fertilizer for slow release properties due to its unique polymeric cationic character and gel-forming properties. In agriculture, the slow release properties are normally indicated by the ability of urea fertilizer to absorb and retain water, since nitrogen is released to the environment once urea is in contact with water or enzyme. This paper investigates the effect of the chitosan content and gelatinization temperature on the physical properties of chitosan-based urea fertilizer. The chitosan content was varied from 0, 3, 5, 7 and 10 pph. Chitosan-based urea fertilizer was prepared through a direct wet mixing using a laboratory setup consisting of a beaker, magnetic stirrer and hotplate. The properties of chitosan-based urea fertilizer were compared at two different mixing temperatures which are 60° and room temperature of 25 ± 3°. The mixture was then dried in an oven at 60° for 8 hours before being fabricated into pellets using a hydraulic hand presser. Water absorption and water retention analysis were carried out to measure the amount of water intake and the amount of water retained in the fertilizer. It was observed that mixing temperature has a negligible effect on the water retention of the fertilizers. However, gelatinization at room temperature resulted in fertilizers with better water absorption and water retention properties than the one gelatinized at 60°C. These results were supported by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis conducted on the fertilizers. As a conclusion, the gelatinization temperature plays an important role in improving the water retention and water absorption capability of chitosan-based urea fertilizers. Furthermore, the presence of chitosan improved the crystallinity of the urea fertilizers, as indicated by XRD analysis. Penerbit Universiti Malaysia Pahang 2013 Article PeerReviewed text en http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/12276/1/IJAME2_Mohamad_et_al.pdf Mohamad, Noraiham and Abdul Hamid, Nor Nadiah and Abd Razak, Jeefferie and Dimin @ Mohd Amin, Mohd Fairuz (2013) Effect of chitosan gelatinization temperature on water absorption and water retention of chitosan-based urea fertilizer. International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering (IJAME), 8. pp. 1357-1366. ISSN 2229-8649 https://ijame.ump.edu.my/images/Volume_8/23_Mohamad%20et%20al.pdf 10.15282/ijame.8.2013.23.0111
institution	Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
building	UTEM Library
collection	Institutional Repository
continent	Asia
country	Malaysia
content_provider	Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
content_source	UTEM Institutional Repository
url_provider	http://eprints.utem.edu.my/
language	English
topic	TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery
spellingShingle	TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery Mohamad, Noraiham Abdul Hamid, Nor Nadiah Abd Razak, Jeefferie Dimin @ Mohd Amin, Mohd Fairuz Effect of chitosan gelatinization temperature on water absorption and water retention of chitosan-based urea fertilizer
description	Chitosan has a high potential to be blended together in urea fertilizer for slow release properties due to its unique polymeric cationic character and gel-forming properties. In agriculture, the slow release properties are normally indicated by the ability of urea fertilizer to absorb and retain water, since nitrogen is released to the environment once urea is in contact with water or enzyme. This paper investigates the effect of the chitosan content and gelatinization temperature on the physical properties of chitosan-based urea fertilizer. The chitosan content was varied from 0, 3, 5, 7 and 10 pph. Chitosan-based urea fertilizer was prepared through a direct wet mixing using a laboratory setup consisting of a beaker, magnetic stirrer and hotplate. The properties of chitosan-based urea fertilizer were compared at two different mixing temperatures which are 60° and room temperature of 25 ± 3°. The mixture was then dried in an oven at 60° for 8 hours before being fabricated into pellets using a hydraulic hand presser. Water absorption and water retention analysis were carried out to measure the amount of water intake and the amount of water retained in the fertilizer. It was observed that mixing temperature has a negligible effect on the water retention of the fertilizers. However, gelatinization at room temperature resulted in fertilizers with better water absorption and water retention properties than the one gelatinized at 60°C. These results were supported by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis conducted on the fertilizers. As a conclusion, the gelatinization temperature plays an important role in improving the water retention and water absorption capability of chitosan-based urea fertilizers. Furthermore, the presence of chitosan improved the crystallinity of the urea fertilizers, as indicated by XRD analysis.
format	Article
author	Mohamad, Noraiham Abdul Hamid, Nor Nadiah Abd Razak, Jeefferie Dimin @ Mohd Amin, Mohd Fairuz
author_facet	Mohamad, Noraiham Abdul Hamid, Nor Nadiah Abd Razak, Jeefferie Dimin @ Mohd Amin, Mohd Fairuz
author_sort	Mohamad, Noraiham
title	Effect of chitosan gelatinization temperature on water absorption and water retention of chitosan-based urea fertilizer
title_short	Effect of chitosan gelatinization temperature on water absorption and water retention of chitosan-based urea fertilizer
title_full	Effect of chitosan gelatinization temperature on water absorption and water retention of chitosan-based urea fertilizer
title_fullStr	Effect of chitosan gelatinization temperature on water absorption and water retention of chitosan-based urea fertilizer
title_full_unstemmed	Effect of chitosan gelatinization temperature on water absorption and water retention of chitosan-based urea fertilizer
title_sort	effect of chitosan gelatinization temperature on water absorption and water retention of chitosan-based urea fertilizer
publisher	Penerbit Universiti Malaysia Pahang
publishDate	2013
url	http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/12276/1/IJAME2_Mohamad_et_al.pdf http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/12276/ https://ijame.ump.edu.my/images/Volume_8/23_Mohamad%20et%20al.pdf
_version_	1772815993499811840
score	13.211869

Effect of chitosan gelatinization temperature on water absorption and water retention of chitosan-based urea fertilizer

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