Hydrothermal And Vapothermal Carbonization Of Agricultural Wastes To Produce Solid Fuels
An investigation was carried out to study the effects of hydrothermal a carbonization on various agricultural wastes. A dual chamber reactor was designed to carry out the hydrothermal and vapothermal carbonization processes.From the experiments, the highest energy densification achieved was 1.280 in...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2016
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://eprints.usm.my/45768/1/Hydrothermal%20And%20Vapothermal%20Carbonization%20Of%20Agricultural%20Wastes%20To%20Produce%20Solid%20Fuels.pdf http://eprints.usm.my/45768/ |
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| Summary: | An investigation was carried out to study the effects of hydrothermal a carbonization on various agricultural wastes. A dual chamber reactor was designed to carry out the hydrothermal and vapothermal carbonization processes.From the experiments, the highest energy densification achieved was 1.280 invapothermal carbonization and 1.145 in hydrothermal carbonization for oil palm empty fruit bunches. Comparison of the hydrochar produced from both processes
shows that vapothermal carbonized materials have higher heating values and higher
fixed carbon contents as compared to those from hydrothermal carbonization process.
Volatile matter of vapothermal carbonized materials have drops about 20% while their
fixed carbon content are increased by 70-95% compare to the raw feedstock. With the
supports of the SEM pictures and DTG curves of the products, it was concluded that
the reaction mechanism during the hydrothermal and vapothermal carbonization are
different. Devolatization was found to be the main reason that increases the overall
energy content in vapothermal carbonization, while formation of 2,5-HMF which
gives a sharp peak at around 340°C in the DTG curves was suggested as the reason
that led to the increase in energy content in hydrothermal carbonized materials. Other
than that, this project also showed that lower water to biomass ratio led to higher
energy densification. A comparison of torrefaction, hydrothermal and vapothermal
carbonization processes also showed that hydrothermal and vapothermal carbonization
are capable to suppress the deposition of tar on the reactor wall during the
carbonization process |
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