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A Large Response Range Reflectometric Urea Biosensor Made from Silica-Gel Nanoparticles

A new silica-gel nanospheres (SiO(2)NPs) composition was formulated, followed by biochemical surface functionalization to examine its potential in urea biosensor development. The SiO(2)NPs were basically synthesized based on sol-gel chemistry using a modified Stober method. The SiO(2)NPs surfaces we...

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Main Authors: Muawia, Alqasaimeh,, Lee Yook, Heng,, Tan Ling, Ling,, Musa, Ahmad,, A. S. Santhana, Raj,
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Mdpi Ag 2015
Subjects:
Silica-Gel Nanospheres; Urea Biosensor; Reflectometric; Ph-Sensitive; Linear Response Range
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spelling my.usim-79542017-02-23T04:48:01Z A Large Response Range Reflectometric Urea Biosensor Made from Silica-Gel Nanoparticles Muawia, Alqasaimeh, Lee Yook, Heng, Tan Ling, Ling, Musa, Ahmad, A. S. Santhana, Raj, Silica-Gel Nanospheres; Urea Biosensor; Reflectometric; Ph-Sensitive; Linear Response Range A new silica-gel nanospheres (SiO(2)NPs) composition was formulated, followed by biochemical surface functionalization to examine its potential in urea biosensor development. The SiO(2)NPs were basically synthesized based on sol-gel chemistry using a modified Stober method. The SiO(2)NPs surfaces were modified with amine (-NH2) functional groups for urease immobilization in the presence of glutaric acid (GA) cross-linker. The chromoionophore pH-sensitive dye ETH 5294 was physically adsorbed on the functionalized SiO(2)NPs as pH transducer. The immobilized urease determined urea concentration reflectometrically based on the colour change of the immobilized chromoionophore as a result of the enzymatic hydrolysis of urea. The pH changes on the biosensor due to the catalytic enzyme reaction of immobilized urease were found to correlate with the urea concentrations over a linear response range of 50-500 mM (R-2 = 0.96) with a detection limit of 10 mM urea. The biosensor response time was 9 min with reproducibility of less than 10% relative standard deviation (RSD). This optical urea biosensor did not show interferences by Na+, K+, Mg2+ and NH4+ ions. The biosensor performance has been validated using urine samples in comparison with a non-enzymatic method based on the use of p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (DMAB) reagent and demonstrated a good correlation between the two different methods (R-2 = 0.996 and regression slope of 1.0307). The SiO(2)NPs-based reflectometric urea biosensor showed improved dynamic linear response range when compared to other nanoparticle-based optical urea biosensors. 2015-05-12T02:34:51Z 2015-05-12T02:34:51Z 2015 Article 1424-8220 en Mdpi Ag
institution Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia
building USIM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universit Sains Islam i Malaysia
content_source USIM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://ddms.usim.edu.my/
language English
topic Silica-Gel Nanospheres; Urea Biosensor; Reflectometric; Ph-Sensitive; Linear Response Range
spellingShingle Silica-Gel Nanospheres; Urea Biosensor; Reflectometric; Ph-Sensitive; Linear Response Range
Muawia, Alqasaimeh,
Lee Yook, Heng,
Tan Ling, Ling,
Musa, Ahmad,
A. S. Santhana, Raj,
A Large Response Range Reflectometric Urea Biosensor Made from Silica-Gel Nanoparticles
description A new silica-gel nanospheres (SiO(2)NPs) composition was formulated, followed by biochemical surface functionalization to examine its potential in urea biosensor development. The SiO(2)NPs were basically synthesized based on sol-gel chemistry using a modified Stober method. The SiO(2)NPs surfaces were modified with amine (-NH2) functional groups for urease immobilization in the presence of glutaric acid (GA) cross-linker. The chromoionophore pH-sensitive dye ETH 5294 was physically adsorbed on the functionalized SiO(2)NPs as pH transducer. The immobilized urease determined urea concentration reflectometrically based on the colour change of the immobilized chromoionophore as a result of the enzymatic hydrolysis of urea. The pH changes on the biosensor due to the catalytic enzyme reaction of immobilized urease were found to correlate with the urea concentrations over a linear response range of 50-500 mM (R-2 = 0.96) with a detection limit of 10 mM urea. The biosensor response time was 9 min with reproducibility of less than 10% relative standard deviation (RSD). This optical urea biosensor did not show interferences by Na+, K+, Mg2+ and NH4+ ions. The biosensor performance has been validated using urine samples in comparison with a non-enzymatic method based on the use of p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (DMAB) reagent and demonstrated a good correlation between the two different methods (R-2 = 0.996 and regression slope of 1.0307). The SiO(2)NPs-based reflectometric urea biosensor showed improved dynamic linear response range when compared to other nanoparticle-based optical urea biosensors.
format Article
author Muawia, Alqasaimeh,
Lee Yook, Heng,
Tan Ling, Ling,
Musa, Ahmad,
A. S. Santhana, Raj,
author_facet Muawia, Alqasaimeh,
Lee Yook, Heng,
Tan Ling, Ling,
Musa, Ahmad,
A. S. Santhana, Raj,
author_sort Muawia, Alqasaimeh,
title A Large Response Range Reflectometric Urea Biosensor Made from Silica-Gel Nanoparticles
title_short A Large Response Range Reflectometric Urea Biosensor Made from Silica-Gel Nanoparticles
title_full A Large Response Range Reflectometric Urea Biosensor Made from Silica-Gel Nanoparticles
title_fullStr A Large Response Range Reflectometric Urea Biosensor Made from Silica-Gel Nanoparticles
title_full_unstemmed A Large Response Range Reflectometric Urea Biosensor Made from Silica-Gel Nanoparticles
title_sort large response range reflectometric urea biosensor made from silica-gel nanoparticles
publisher Mdpi Ag
publishDate 2015
_version_ 1645152306891587584
score 13.235796

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