Cover Image

Immunomodulatory potential of Clinacanthus nutans extracts in the co-culture of triple-negative breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231, and THP-1 macrophages

Triple-negative breast cancer is the main type of breast carcinoma that causes mortality among women because of the limited treatment options and high recurrence. Chronic inflammation has been linked with the tumor microenvironment (TME) in breast cancer progression. Clinacanthus nutans (CN) has gai...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Nordin, Fariza Juliana, Pearanpan, Lishantini, Kok, Meng Chan, Kumolosasi, Endang, Yong, Yoke Keong, Shaari, Khozirah, Rajab, Nor Fadilah
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science 2021
Online Access:http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/97621/1/ABSTRACT.pdf
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/97621/
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0256012
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
id my.upm.eprints.97621
record_format eprints
spelling my.upm.eprints.976212022-07-21T07:55:39Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/97621/ Immunomodulatory potential of Clinacanthus nutans extracts in the co-culture of triple-negative breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231, and THP-1 macrophages Nordin, Fariza Juliana Pearanpan, Lishantini Kok, Meng Chan Kumolosasi, Endang Yong, Yoke Keong Shaari, Khozirah Rajab, Nor Fadilah Triple-negative breast cancer is the main type of breast carcinoma that causes mortality among women because of the limited treatment options and high recurrence. Chronic inflammation has been linked with the tumor microenvironment (TME) in breast cancer progression. Clinacanthus nutans (CN) has gained much attention because of its anticancer properties, but its mechanism remains unclear. We aimed to study the qualitative phytochemical content and elucidate the cytotoxicity effects of CN on human triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), MDA-MB-231 and human macrophage-like cells such as THP-1 by using sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. As highly metastatic cells, MDA-MB-231 cells can migrate to the distal position, the effect of CN on migration were also elucidated using the scratch assay. The CN effects on ameliorating chronic inflammation in TME were studied following the co-culture of MDA-MB-231/THP-1 macrophages. The cytokine expression levels of IL-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were determined using ELISA assays. The results showed that both ethanolic and aqueous CN extracts contained alkaloid, phenol and tannin, flavonoid, terpenoid, glycoside and steroid. However, saponin was only found in the aqueous extract of CN. CN was not cytotoxic to both MDA-MB-231 and THP-1 cells. The ability of MDA-MB-231 to migrate was also not halted by CN treatment. However, CN ethanol extract decreased IL-6 at 25 μg/mL (p = 0.02) and 100 μg/mL (p = 0.03) but CN aqueous extract increased IL-6 expression at 50 μg/mL (p = 0.08) and 100 μg/mL (p = 0.02). IL-1β showed decreased expression after treated with CN ethanol and CN aqueous both at 25 μg/mL (p = 0.03). TNF-α were significantly decreased after CN ethanol treatment at concentration 25- (p = 0.001), 50- (p = 0.000) and 100 μg/mL (p = 0.000). CN aqueous extract slightly inhibited TNF-α at all 25-50- and 100 μg/mL (p = 0.001, p = 0.000, p = 0.000, respectively). Overall, CN acts by ameliorating the pro-inflammatory condition in the TME and may be a potential strategy for its anticancer mechanism on highly metastatic breast cancer condition. The major pathways that link both cancer and inflammation were NF-κB and STATs thus further study on the upstream and downstream pathways is needed to fully understand the mechanism of CN extracts in cooling the inflamed TME in breast cancer. Public Library of Science 2021 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/97621/1/ABSTRACT.pdf Nordin, Fariza Juliana and Pearanpan, Lishantini and Kok, Meng Chan and Kumolosasi, Endang and Yong, Yoke Keong and Shaari, Khozirah and Rajab, Nor Fadilah (2021) Immunomodulatory potential of Clinacanthus nutans extracts in the co-culture of triple-negative breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231, and THP-1 macrophages. PLoS One, 16 (8). pp. 1-19. ISSN 1932-6203 https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0256012 10.1371/journal.pone.0256012
institution Universiti Putra Malaysia
building UPM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Putra Malaysia
content_source UPM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://psasir.upm.edu.my/
language English
description Triple-negative breast cancer is the main type of breast carcinoma that causes mortality among women because of the limited treatment options and high recurrence. Chronic inflammation has been linked with the tumor microenvironment (TME) in breast cancer progression. Clinacanthus nutans (CN) has gained much attention because of its anticancer properties, but its mechanism remains unclear. We aimed to study the qualitative phytochemical content and elucidate the cytotoxicity effects of CN on human triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), MDA-MB-231 and human macrophage-like cells such as THP-1 by using sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. As highly metastatic cells, MDA-MB-231 cells can migrate to the distal position, the effect of CN on migration were also elucidated using the scratch assay. The CN effects on ameliorating chronic inflammation in TME were studied following the co-culture of MDA-MB-231/THP-1 macrophages. The cytokine expression levels of IL-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were determined using ELISA assays. The results showed that both ethanolic and aqueous CN extracts contained alkaloid, phenol and tannin, flavonoid, terpenoid, glycoside and steroid. However, saponin was only found in the aqueous extract of CN. CN was not cytotoxic to both MDA-MB-231 and THP-1 cells. The ability of MDA-MB-231 to migrate was also not halted by CN treatment. However, CN ethanol extract decreased IL-6 at 25 μg/mL (p = 0.02) and 100 μg/mL (p = 0.03) but CN aqueous extract increased IL-6 expression at 50 μg/mL (p = 0.08) and 100 μg/mL (p = 0.02). IL-1β showed decreased expression after treated with CN ethanol and CN aqueous both at 25 μg/mL (p = 0.03). TNF-α were significantly decreased after CN ethanol treatment at concentration 25- (p = 0.001), 50- (p = 0.000) and 100 μg/mL (p = 0.000). CN aqueous extract slightly inhibited TNF-α at all 25-50- and 100 μg/mL (p = 0.001, p = 0.000, p = 0.000, respectively). Overall, CN acts by ameliorating the pro-inflammatory condition in the TME and may be a potential strategy for its anticancer mechanism on highly metastatic breast cancer condition. The major pathways that link both cancer and inflammation were NF-κB and STATs thus further study on the upstream and downstream pathways is needed to fully understand the mechanism of CN extracts in cooling the inflamed TME in breast cancer.
format Article
author Nordin, Fariza Juliana
Pearanpan, Lishantini
Kok, Meng Chan
Kumolosasi, Endang
Yong, Yoke Keong
Shaari, Khozirah
Rajab, Nor Fadilah
spellingShingle Nordin, Fariza Juliana
Pearanpan, Lishantini
Kok, Meng Chan
Kumolosasi, Endang
Yong, Yoke Keong
Shaari, Khozirah
Rajab, Nor Fadilah
Immunomodulatory potential of Clinacanthus nutans extracts in the co-culture of triple-negative breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231, and THP-1 macrophages
author_facet Nordin, Fariza Juliana
Pearanpan, Lishantini
Kok, Meng Chan
Kumolosasi, Endang
Yong, Yoke Keong
Shaari, Khozirah
Rajab, Nor Fadilah
author_sort Nordin, Fariza Juliana
title Immunomodulatory potential of Clinacanthus nutans extracts in the co-culture of triple-negative breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231, and THP-1 macrophages
title_short Immunomodulatory potential of Clinacanthus nutans extracts in the co-culture of triple-negative breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231, and THP-1 macrophages
title_full Immunomodulatory potential of Clinacanthus nutans extracts in the co-culture of triple-negative breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231, and THP-1 macrophages
title_fullStr Immunomodulatory potential of Clinacanthus nutans extracts in the co-culture of triple-negative breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231, and THP-1 macrophages
title_full_unstemmed Immunomodulatory potential of Clinacanthus nutans extracts in the co-culture of triple-negative breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231, and THP-1 macrophages
title_sort immunomodulatory potential of clinacanthus nutans extracts in the co-culture of triple-negative breast cancer cells, mda-mb-231, and thp-1 macrophages
publisher Public Library of Science
publishDate 2021
url http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/97621/1/ABSTRACT.pdf
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/97621/
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0256012
_version_ 1739829917989732352
score 13.211869

Similar Items