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Effect of pretreatment conditions on the chemical–structural characteristics of coconut and palm kernel shell: A potentially valuable precursor for eco-efficient activated carbon production

Non-renewable nature of commercial coal-based activated carbon has pushed researchers to look for sustainable alternatives which are inexpensive and abundantly available such as palm kernel shell (PKS) and coconut shell (CS). In this study, preparation of the lignocellulosic biomass using acid (HPO4...

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التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
المؤلفون الرئيسيون: Lee, Chuan Li, Chin, K. L., H’ng, Paik San, Rashid, Umer, Maminski, M., Khoo, Pui San
التنسيق: مقال
منشور في: Elsevier 2021
الوصول للمادة أونلاين:http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/96931/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352186420316096
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spelling my.upm.eprints.969312023-04-19T04:08:11Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/96931/ Effect of pretreatment conditions on the chemical–structural characteristics of coconut and palm kernel shell: A potentially valuable precursor for eco-efficient activated carbon production Lee, Chuan Li Chin, K. L. H’ng, Paik San Rashid, Umer Maminski, M. Khoo, Pui San Non-renewable nature of commercial coal-based activated carbon has pushed researchers to look for sustainable alternatives which are inexpensive and abundantly available such as palm kernel shell (PKS) and coconut shell (CS). In this study, preparation of the lignocellulosic biomass using acid (HPO4), alkali (NaOH) and water pretreatment have been investigated. Pretreatment temperature and time were determined as the significant factors on the chemical–structural characteristics of CS and PKS. In addition, BET, SEM, FTIR, TGA were used to elucidate the development of PKS and CS and its capacity towards the adsorption of methylene blue and iodine. By varying the pretreatment conditions and process, it offers the possibility of modifying and controlling the porous texture of the biomass to prepare it as potential precursor for further physical thermal process during activated carbon production. The pretreated biomass results showed that the adsorption of methylene blue (14.35–16.92​ mg/g) and iodine value (20.14–23.86 mg/g) were significantly higher than non-treated biomass (methylene blue adsorption: 1.71–1.79 mg/g, iodine adsorption: 0.77–1.28 mg/g). Moreover, the results also revealed that pretreatment temperature and time have significantly affected the adsorbent properties of biomass. The pretreatment of biomass with HPO4 created a better development of porous structure. The highest surface area for CS (89.09 m2/g) and PKS (70.01 m2/g) were attained by using H PO4 at 80 °C for 2 h. The impregnation pretreatment simultaneously unclog existing pores from ash minerals while create new cracks and pores. Elsevier 2021 Article PeerReviewed Lee, Chuan Li and Chin, K. L. and H’ng, Paik San and Rashid, Umer and Maminski, M. and Khoo, Pui San (2021) Effect of pretreatment conditions on the chemical–structural characteristics of coconut and palm kernel shell: A potentially valuable precursor for eco-efficient activated carbon production. Environmental Science and Technology, 21. art. no. 101309. pp. 1-16. ISSN 2352-1864 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352186420316096 10.1016/j.eti.2020.101309
institution Universiti Putra Malaysia
building UPM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Putra Malaysia
content_source UPM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://psasir.upm.edu.my/
description Non-renewable nature of commercial coal-based activated carbon has pushed researchers to look for sustainable alternatives which are inexpensive and abundantly available such as palm kernel shell (PKS) and coconut shell (CS). In this study, preparation of the lignocellulosic biomass using acid (HPO4), alkali (NaOH) and water pretreatment have been investigated. Pretreatment temperature and time were determined as the significant factors on the chemical–structural characteristics of CS and PKS. In addition, BET, SEM, FTIR, TGA were used to elucidate the development of PKS and CS and its capacity towards the adsorption of methylene blue and iodine. By varying the pretreatment conditions and process, it offers the possibility of modifying and controlling the porous texture of the biomass to prepare it as potential precursor for further physical thermal process during activated carbon production. The pretreated biomass results showed that the adsorption of methylene blue (14.35–16.92​ mg/g) and iodine value (20.14–23.86 mg/g) were significantly higher than non-treated biomass (methylene blue adsorption: 1.71–1.79 mg/g, iodine adsorption: 0.77–1.28 mg/g). Moreover, the results also revealed that pretreatment temperature and time have significantly affected the adsorbent properties of biomass. The pretreatment of biomass with HPO4 created a better development of porous structure. The highest surface area for CS (89.09 m2/g) and PKS (70.01 m2/g) were attained by using H PO4 at 80 °C for 2 h. The impregnation pretreatment simultaneously unclog existing pores from ash minerals while create new cracks and pores.
format Article
author Lee, Chuan Li
Chin, K. L.
H’ng, Paik San
Rashid, Umer
Maminski, M.
Khoo, Pui San
spellingShingle Lee, Chuan Li
Chin, K. L.
H’ng, Paik San
Rashid, Umer
Maminski, M.
Khoo, Pui San
Effect of pretreatment conditions on the chemical–structural characteristics of coconut and palm kernel shell: A potentially valuable precursor for eco-efficient activated carbon production
author_facet Lee, Chuan Li
Chin, K. L.
H’ng, Paik San
Rashid, Umer
Maminski, M.
Khoo, Pui San
author_sort Lee, Chuan Li
title Effect of pretreatment conditions on the chemical–structural characteristics of coconut and palm kernel shell: A potentially valuable precursor for eco-efficient activated carbon production
title_short Effect of pretreatment conditions on the chemical–structural characteristics of coconut and palm kernel shell: A potentially valuable precursor for eco-efficient activated carbon production
title_full Effect of pretreatment conditions on the chemical–structural characteristics of coconut and palm kernel shell: A potentially valuable precursor for eco-efficient activated carbon production
title_fullStr Effect of pretreatment conditions on the chemical–structural characteristics of coconut and palm kernel shell: A potentially valuable precursor for eco-efficient activated carbon production
title_full_unstemmed Effect of pretreatment conditions on the chemical–structural characteristics of coconut and palm kernel shell: A potentially valuable precursor for eco-efficient activated carbon production
title_sort effect of pretreatment conditions on the chemical–structural characteristics of coconut and palm kernel shell: a potentially valuable precursor for eco-efficient activated carbon production
publisher Elsevier
publishDate 2021
url http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/96931/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352186420316096
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score 13.251813

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