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Bifunctional nano-catalyst produced from palm kernel shell via hydrothermal-assisted carbonization for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil

A highly mesoporous activated carbon derived from palm kernel shell was successfully prepared by hydrothermal-assisted carbonization (HTC) by improving the degradation of lignocellulosic composition and increase the porous texture of carbon structure. Additional NaOH treatment increased the surface...

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Main Authors:	Abdullah, Rose Fadzilah, Rashid, Umer, Ibrahim, Mohd Lokman, Hazmi, Balkis, Alharthi, Fahad A., Nehdi, Imededdine Arbi
Format:	Article
Published:	Elsevier 2021
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/96204/ https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032120309229
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spelling	my.upm.eprints.962042023-01-31T03:15:29Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/96204/ Bifunctional nano-catalyst produced from palm kernel shell via hydrothermal-assisted carbonization for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil Abdullah, Rose Fadzilah Rashid, Umer Ibrahim, Mohd Lokman Hazmi, Balkis Alharthi, Fahad A. Nehdi, Imededdine Arbi A highly mesoporous activated carbon derived from palm kernel shell was successfully prepared by hydrothermal-assisted carbonization (HTC) by improving the degradation of lignocellulosic composition and increase the porous texture of carbon structure. Additional NaOH treatment increased the surface area of the catalyst which enhanced the loading of the active site. Further impregnation of HTC based activated carbon with K2CO3 and CuO via wet impregnation provided bifunctional characteristics suitable for simultaneous esterification and transesterification processes. The physicochemical properties of the prepared catalysts were conducted through the state-of-the-art techniques including N2 adsorption-desorption analysis, functional group determination, surface morphology study, electron dispersive x-ray mapping, elemental distribution analysis, amount of basicity and acidity strength and thermal degradation behavior analysis. The investigation found that the chemical treatment with NaOH significantly increased the surface area from 3.57 to 3368.60 m2/g and impregnation with K2CO3 and CuO offered higher amount of basicity of 5.73 mmol/g and acidity of 1.48 mmol/g, respectively. These properties enhanced the simultaneous esterification-transesterification of waste cooking oil to biodiesel. The catalytic study produced 95.36 ± 1.4% of biodiesel over 4 wt% of PKSHAC-K2CO3(20%)CuO(5%) catalyst, 12:1 of methanol to oil molar ratio, reaction temperature of 70 °C for duration of 2 h. Meanwhile, the catalyst can be employed for five subsequent reaction cycles with FAME yield of 82.5 ± 2.5%. Thus, the synthesized bifunctional nanocatalyst supported on the HTC based activated carbon has been validated as an efficient catalyst for biodiesel production. Elsevier 2021 Article PeerReviewed Abdullah, Rose Fadzilah and Rashid, Umer and Ibrahim, Mohd Lokman and Hazmi, Balkis and Alharthi, Fahad A. and Nehdi, Imededdine Arbi (2021) Bifunctional nano-catalyst produced from palm kernel shell via hydrothermal-assisted carbonization for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 137. art. no. 110638. pp. 1-14. ISSN 1364-0321 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032120309229 10.1016/j.rser.2020.110638
institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
building	UPM Library
collection	Institutional Repository
continent	Asia
country	Malaysia
content_provider	Universiti Putra Malaysia
content_source	UPM Institutional Repository
url_provider	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/
description	A highly mesoporous activated carbon derived from palm kernel shell was successfully prepared by hydrothermal-assisted carbonization (HTC) by improving the degradation of lignocellulosic composition and increase the porous texture of carbon structure. Additional NaOH treatment increased the surface area of the catalyst which enhanced the loading of the active site. Further impregnation of HTC based activated carbon with K2CO3 and CuO via wet impregnation provided bifunctional characteristics suitable for simultaneous esterification and transesterification processes. The physicochemical properties of the prepared catalysts were conducted through the state-of-the-art techniques including N2 adsorption-desorption analysis, functional group determination, surface morphology study, electron dispersive x-ray mapping, elemental distribution analysis, amount of basicity and acidity strength and thermal degradation behavior analysis. The investigation found that the chemical treatment with NaOH significantly increased the surface area from 3.57 to 3368.60 m2/g and impregnation with K2CO3 and CuO offered higher amount of basicity of 5.73 mmol/g and acidity of 1.48 mmol/g, respectively. These properties enhanced the simultaneous esterification-transesterification of waste cooking oil to biodiesel. The catalytic study produced 95.36 ± 1.4% of biodiesel over 4 wt% of PKSHAC-K2CO3(20%)CuO(5%) catalyst, 12:1 of methanol to oil molar ratio, reaction temperature of 70 °C for duration of 2 h. Meanwhile, the catalyst can be employed for five subsequent reaction cycles with FAME yield of 82.5 ± 2.5%. Thus, the synthesized bifunctional nanocatalyst supported on the HTC based activated carbon has been validated as an efficient catalyst for biodiesel production.
format	Article
author	Abdullah, Rose Fadzilah Rashid, Umer Ibrahim, Mohd Lokman Hazmi, Balkis Alharthi, Fahad A. Nehdi, Imededdine Arbi
spellingShingle	Abdullah, Rose Fadzilah Rashid, Umer Ibrahim, Mohd Lokman Hazmi, Balkis Alharthi, Fahad A. Nehdi, Imededdine Arbi Bifunctional nano-catalyst produced from palm kernel shell via hydrothermal-assisted carbonization for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil
author_facet	Abdullah, Rose Fadzilah Rashid, Umer Ibrahim, Mohd Lokman Hazmi, Balkis Alharthi, Fahad A. Nehdi, Imededdine Arbi
author_sort	Abdullah, Rose Fadzilah
title	Bifunctional nano-catalyst produced from palm kernel shell via hydrothermal-assisted carbonization for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil
title_short	Bifunctional nano-catalyst produced from palm kernel shell via hydrothermal-assisted carbonization for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil
title_full	Bifunctional nano-catalyst produced from palm kernel shell via hydrothermal-assisted carbonization for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil
title_fullStr	Bifunctional nano-catalyst produced from palm kernel shell via hydrothermal-assisted carbonization for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil
title_full_unstemmed	Bifunctional nano-catalyst produced from palm kernel shell via hydrothermal-assisted carbonization for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil
title_sort	bifunctional nano-catalyst produced from palm kernel shell via hydrothermal-assisted carbonization for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/96204/ https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032120309229
_version_	1756685782785982464
score	13.211869

Bifunctional nano-catalyst produced from palm kernel shell via hydrothermal-assisted carbonization for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil

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