Staff View: A short review on catalyst, feedstock, modernised process, current state and challenges on biodiesel production

A short review on catalyst, feedstock, modernised process, current state and challenges on biodiesel production

Biodiesel, comprising mono alkyl fatty acid esters or methyl ethyl esters, is an encouraging option to fossil fuels or diesel produced from petroleum; it has comparable characteristics and its use has the potential to diminish carbon dioxide production and greenhouse gas emissions. Manufactured from...

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Main Authors:	Alsultan, Abdulkareem G., Mijan, Nurul Asikin, Ibrahim, Zueriani, Yunus, Robiah, Razali, Siti Zulaika, Mansir, Nasar, Islam, Aminul, Seenivasagam, Sivasangar, Yap, Taufiq Yun Hin
Format:	Article
Published:	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2021
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/96054/ https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/11/11/1261
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spelling	my.upm.eprints.960542023-03-09T02:32:37Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/96054/ A short review on catalyst, feedstock, modernised process, current state and challenges on biodiesel production Alsultan, Abdulkareem G. Mijan, Nurul Asikin Ibrahim, Zueriani Yunus, Robiah Razali, Siti Zulaika Mansir, Nasar Islam, Aminul Seenivasagam, Sivasangar Yap, Taufiq Yun Hin Biodiesel, comprising mono alkyl fatty acid esters or methyl ethyl esters, is an encouraging option to fossil fuels or diesel produced from petroleum; it has comparable characteristics and its use has the potential to diminish carbon dioxide production and greenhouse gas emissions. Manufactured from recyclable and sustainable feedstocks, e.g., oils originating from vegetation, biodiesel has biodegradable properties and has no toxic impact on ecosystems. The evolution of biodiesel has been precipitated by the continuing environmental damage created by the deployment of fossil fuels. Biodiesel is predominantly synthesised via transesterification and esterification procedures. These involve a number of key constituents, i.e., the feedstock and catalytic agent, the proportion of methanol to oil, the circumstances of the reaction and the product segregation and purification processes. Elements that influence the yield and standard of the obtained biodiesel encompass the form and quantity of the feedstock and reaction catalyst, the proportion of alcohol to feedstock, the temperature of the reaction, and its duration. Contemporary research has evaluated the output of biodiesel reactors in terms of energy production and timely biodiesel manufacture. In order to synthesise biodiesel for industrial use efficaciously, it is essential to acknowledge the technological advances that have significant potential in this sector. The current paper therefore offers a review of contemporary progress, feedstock categorisation, and catalytic agents for the manufacture of biodiesel and production reactors, together with modernised processing techniques. The production reactor, form of catalyst, methods of synthesis, and feedstock standards are additionally subjects of discourse so as to detail a comprehensive setting pertaining to the chemical process. Numerous studies are ongoing in order to develop increasingly efficacious techniques for biodiesel manufacture; these acknowledge the use of solid catalytic agents and non-catalytic supercritical events. This review appraises the contemporary situation with respect to biodiesel production in a range of contexts. The spectrum of techniques for the efficacious manufacture of biodiesel encompasses production catalysed by homogeneous or heterogeneous enzymes or promoted by microwave or ultrasonic technologies. A description of the difficulties to be surmounted going forward in the sector is presented. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2021 Article PeerReviewed Alsultan, Abdulkareem G. and Mijan, Nurul Asikin and Ibrahim, Zueriani and Yunus, Robiah and Razali, Siti Zulaika and Mansir, Nasar and Islam, Aminul and Seenivasagam, Sivasangar and Yap, Taufiq Yun Hin (2021) A short review on catalyst, feedstock, modernised process, current state and challenges on biodiesel production. Catalysts, 11 (11). art. no. 1261. pp. 1-38. ISSN 2073-4344 https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/11/11/1261 10.3390/catal11111261
institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
building	UPM Library
collection	Institutional Repository
continent	Asia
country	Malaysia
content_provider	Universiti Putra Malaysia
content_source	UPM Institutional Repository
url_provider	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/
description	Biodiesel, comprising mono alkyl fatty acid esters or methyl ethyl esters, is an encouraging option to fossil fuels or diesel produced from petroleum; it has comparable characteristics and its use has the potential to diminish carbon dioxide production and greenhouse gas emissions. Manufactured from recyclable and sustainable feedstocks, e.g., oils originating from vegetation, biodiesel has biodegradable properties and has no toxic impact on ecosystems. The evolution of biodiesel has been precipitated by the continuing environmental damage created by the deployment of fossil fuels. Biodiesel is predominantly synthesised via transesterification and esterification procedures. These involve a number of key constituents, i.e., the feedstock and catalytic agent, the proportion of methanol to oil, the circumstances of the reaction and the product segregation and purification processes. Elements that influence the yield and standard of the obtained biodiesel encompass the form and quantity of the feedstock and reaction catalyst, the proportion of alcohol to feedstock, the temperature of the reaction, and its duration. Contemporary research has evaluated the output of biodiesel reactors in terms of energy production and timely biodiesel manufacture. In order to synthesise biodiesel for industrial use efficaciously, it is essential to acknowledge the technological advances that have significant potential in this sector. The current paper therefore offers a review of contemporary progress, feedstock categorisation, and catalytic agents for the manufacture of biodiesel and production reactors, together with modernised processing techniques. The production reactor, form of catalyst, methods of synthesis, and feedstock standards are additionally subjects of discourse so as to detail a comprehensive setting pertaining to the chemical process. Numerous studies are ongoing in order to develop increasingly efficacious techniques for biodiesel manufacture; these acknowledge the use of solid catalytic agents and non-catalytic supercritical events. This review appraises the contemporary situation with respect to biodiesel production in a range of contexts. The spectrum of techniques for the efficacious manufacture of biodiesel encompasses production catalysed by homogeneous or heterogeneous enzymes or promoted by microwave or ultrasonic technologies. A description of the difficulties to be surmounted going forward in the sector is presented.
format	Article
author	Alsultan, Abdulkareem G. Mijan, Nurul Asikin Ibrahim, Zueriani Yunus, Robiah Razali, Siti Zulaika Mansir, Nasar Islam, Aminul Seenivasagam, Sivasangar Yap, Taufiq Yun Hin
spellingShingle	Alsultan, Abdulkareem G. Mijan, Nurul Asikin Ibrahim, Zueriani Yunus, Robiah Razali, Siti Zulaika Mansir, Nasar Islam, Aminul Seenivasagam, Sivasangar Yap, Taufiq Yun Hin A short review on catalyst, feedstock, modernised process, current state and challenges on biodiesel production
author_facet	Alsultan, Abdulkareem G. Mijan, Nurul Asikin Ibrahim, Zueriani Yunus, Robiah Razali, Siti Zulaika Mansir, Nasar Islam, Aminul Seenivasagam, Sivasangar Yap, Taufiq Yun Hin
author_sort	Alsultan, Abdulkareem G.
title	A short review on catalyst, feedstock, modernised process, current state and challenges on biodiesel production
title_short	A short review on catalyst, feedstock, modernised process, current state and challenges on biodiesel production
title_full	A short review on catalyst, feedstock, modernised process, current state and challenges on biodiesel production
title_fullStr	A short review on catalyst, feedstock, modernised process, current state and challenges on biodiesel production
title_full_unstemmed	A short review on catalyst, feedstock, modernised process, current state and challenges on biodiesel production
title_sort	short review on catalyst, feedstock, modernised process, current state and challenges on biodiesel production
publisher	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
publishDate	2021
url	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/96054/ https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/11/11/1261
_version_	1761620380696444928
score	13.211869

A short review on catalyst, feedstock, modernised process, current state and challenges on biodiesel production

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