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Approaches for mitigating microbial biofilm-related drug resistance: A focus on micro- and nanotechnologies

Biofilms play an essential role in chronic and healthcare-associated infections and are more resistant to antimicrobials compared to their planktonic counterparts due to their (1) physiological state, (2) cell density, (3) quorum sensing abilities, (4) presence of extracellular matrix, (5) upregulat...

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Main Authors: Rao, Harinash, Choo, Sulin, Mahalingam, Sri Raja Rajeswari, Adisuri, Diajeng Sekar, Madhavan, Priya, Md. Akim, Abdah, Chong, Pei Pei
Format: Article
Published: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2021
Online Access:http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/95967/
https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/7/1870
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spelling my.upm.eprints.959672023-03-17T02:53:53Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/95967/ Approaches for mitigating microbial biofilm-related drug resistance: A focus on micro- and nanotechnologies Rao, Harinash Choo, Sulin Mahalingam, Sri Raja Rajeswari Adisuri, Diajeng Sekar Madhavan, Priya Md. Akim, Abdah Chong, Pei Pei Biofilms play an essential role in chronic and healthcare-associated infections and are more resistant to antimicrobials compared to their planktonic counterparts due to their (1) physiological state, (2) cell density, (3) quorum sensing abilities, (4) presence of extracellular matrix, (5) upregulation of drug efflux pumps, (6) point mutation and overexpression of resistance genes, and (7) presence of persister cells. The genes involved and their implications in antimicrobial resistance are well defined for bacterial biofilms but are understudied in fungal biofilms. Potential therapeutics for biofilm mitigation that have been reported include (1) antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, (2) antimicrobial lock therapy, (3) antimicrobial peptides, (4) electrical methods, and (5) antimicrobial coatings. These approaches exhibit promising characteristics for addressing the impending crisis of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Recently, advances in the micro- and nanotechnology field have propelled the development of novel biomaterials and approaches to combat biofilms either independently, in combination or as antimicrobial delivery systems. In this review, we will summarize the general principles of clinically important microbial biofilm formation with a focus on fungal biofilms. We will delve into the details of some novel micro- and nanotechnology approaches that have been developed to combat biofilms and the possibility of utilizing them in a clinical setting. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2021 Article PeerReviewed Rao, Harinash and Choo, Sulin and Mahalingam, Sri Raja Rajeswari and Adisuri, Diajeng Sekar and Madhavan, Priya and Md. Akim, Abdah and Chong, Pei Pei (2021) Approaches for mitigating microbial biofilm-related drug resistance: A focus on micro- and nanotechnologies. Molecules, 26 (7). art. no. 1870. pp. 1-10. ISSN 1420-3049 https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/7/1870 10.3390/molecules26071870
institution Universiti Putra Malaysia
building UPM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Putra Malaysia
content_source UPM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://psasir.upm.edu.my/
description Biofilms play an essential role in chronic and healthcare-associated infections and are more resistant to antimicrobials compared to their planktonic counterparts due to their (1) physiological state, (2) cell density, (3) quorum sensing abilities, (4) presence of extracellular matrix, (5) upregulation of drug efflux pumps, (6) point mutation and overexpression of resistance genes, and (7) presence of persister cells. The genes involved and their implications in antimicrobial resistance are well defined for bacterial biofilms but are understudied in fungal biofilms. Potential therapeutics for biofilm mitigation that have been reported include (1) antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, (2) antimicrobial lock therapy, (3) antimicrobial peptides, (4) electrical methods, and (5) antimicrobial coatings. These approaches exhibit promising characteristics for addressing the impending crisis of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Recently, advances in the micro- and nanotechnology field have propelled the development of novel biomaterials and approaches to combat biofilms either independently, in combination or as antimicrobial delivery systems. In this review, we will summarize the general principles of clinically important microbial biofilm formation with a focus on fungal biofilms. We will delve into the details of some novel micro- and nanotechnology approaches that have been developed to combat biofilms and the possibility of utilizing them in a clinical setting.
format Article
author Rao, Harinash
Choo, Sulin
Mahalingam, Sri Raja Rajeswari
Adisuri, Diajeng Sekar
Madhavan, Priya
Md. Akim, Abdah
Chong, Pei Pei
spellingShingle Rao, Harinash
Choo, Sulin
Mahalingam, Sri Raja Rajeswari
Adisuri, Diajeng Sekar
Madhavan, Priya
Md. Akim, Abdah
Chong, Pei Pei
Approaches for mitigating microbial biofilm-related drug resistance: A focus on micro- and nanotechnologies
author_facet Rao, Harinash
Choo, Sulin
Mahalingam, Sri Raja Rajeswari
Adisuri, Diajeng Sekar
Madhavan, Priya
Md. Akim, Abdah
Chong, Pei Pei
author_sort Rao, Harinash
title Approaches for mitigating microbial biofilm-related drug resistance: A focus on micro- and nanotechnologies
title_short Approaches for mitigating microbial biofilm-related drug resistance: A focus on micro- and nanotechnologies
title_full Approaches for mitigating microbial biofilm-related drug resistance: A focus on micro- and nanotechnologies
title_fullStr Approaches for mitigating microbial biofilm-related drug resistance: A focus on micro- and nanotechnologies
title_full_unstemmed Approaches for mitigating microbial biofilm-related drug resistance: A focus on micro- and nanotechnologies
title_sort approaches for mitigating microbial biofilm-related drug resistance: a focus on micro- and nanotechnologies
publisher Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
publishDate 2021
url http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/95967/
https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/7/1870
_version_ 1761620371792986112
score 13.223943

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