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Synthesis and characterization of gefitinib and paclitaxel mono and dual drug-loaded blood cockle shells (Anadara granosa)-derived aragonite CaCO3 nanoparticles

Calcium carbonate has slowly paved its way into the field of nanomaterial research due to its inherent properties: biocompatibility, pH-sensitivity, and slow biodegradability. In our efforts to synthesize calcium carbonate nanoparticles (CSCaCO3NP) from blood cockle shells (Anadara granosa), we deve...

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Main Authors: Chemmalar, S., Abdul Razak, Intan Shameha, Che Abdullah, Che Azurahanim, Ab Razak, Nor Asma, Mohamad Yusof, Loqman, Ajat, Mokrish, Gowthaman, N. S. K., Abu Bakar, Md Zuki
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Published: MDPI AG 2021
Online Access:http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/95254/
https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/8/1988
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spelling my.upm.eprints.952542023-05-18T02:37:13Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/95254/ Synthesis and characterization of gefitinib and paclitaxel mono and dual drug-loaded blood cockle shells (Anadara granosa)-derived aragonite CaCO3 nanoparticles Chemmalar, S. Abdul Razak, Intan Shameha Che Abdullah, Che Azurahanim Ab Razak, Nor Asma Mohamad Yusof, Loqman Ajat, Mokrish Gowthaman, N. S. K. Abu Bakar, Md Zuki Calcium carbonate has slowly paved its way into the field of nanomaterial research due to its inherent properties: biocompatibility, pH-sensitivity, and slow biodegradability. In our efforts to synthesize calcium carbonate nanoparticles (CSCaCO3NP) from blood cockle shells (Anadara granosa), we developed a simple method to synthesize CSCaCO3NP, and loaded them with gefitinib (GEF) and paclitaxel (PTXL) to produce mono drug-loaded GEF-CSCaCO3NP, PTXL-CSCaCO3NP, and dual drug-loaded GEF-PTXL-CSCaCO3NP without usage of toxic chemicals. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results reveal that the drugs are bound to CSCaCO3NP. Scanning electron microscopy studies reveal that the CSCaCO3NP, GEF-CSCaCO3NP, PTXL-CSCaCO3NP, and GEF-PTXL-CSCaCO3NP are almost spherical nanoparticles, with a diameter of 63.9 ± 22.3, 83.9 ± 28.2, 78.2 ± 26.4, and 87.2 ± 26.7 (nm), respectively. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and N2 adsorption-desorption experiments revealed that the synthesized nanoparticles are negatively charged and mesoporous, with surface areas ranging from ~8 to 10 (m2/g). Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) confirms that the synthesized nanoparticles are aragonite. The CSCaCO3NP show excellent alkalinization property in plasma simulating conditions and greater solubility in a moderately acidic pH medium. The release of drugs from the nanoparticles showed zero order kinetics with a slow and sustained release. Therefore, the physico-chemical characteristics and in vitro findings suggest that the drug loaded CSCaCO3NP represent a promising drug delivery system to deliver GEF and PTXL against breast cancer. MDPI AG 2021-08-02 Article PeerReviewed Chemmalar, S. and Abdul Razak, Intan Shameha and Che Abdullah, Che Azurahanim and Ab Razak, Nor Asma and Mohamad Yusof, Loqman and Ajat, Mokrish and Gowthaman, N. S. K. and Abu Bakar, Md Zuki (2021) Synthesis and characterization of gefitinib and paclitaxel mono and dual drug-loaded blood cockle shells (Anadara granosa)-derived aragonite CaCO3 nanoparticles. Nanomaterials, 11 (8). art. no. 1988. pp. 1-32. ISSN 1758-1745; ESSN: 2079-4991 https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/8/1988 10.3390/nano11081988
institution Universiti Putra Malaysia
building UPM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Putra Malaysia
content_source UPM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://psasir.upm.edu.my/
description Calcium carbonate has slowly paved its way into the field of nanomaterial research due to its inherent properties: biocompatibility, pH-sensitivity, and slow biodegradability. In our efforts to synthesize calcium carbonate nanoparticles (CSCaCO3NP) from blood cockle shells (Anadara granosa), we developed a simple method to synthesize CSCaCO3NP, and loaded them with gefitinib (GEF) and paclitaxel (PTXL) to produce mono drug-loaded GEF-CSCaCO3NP, PTXL-CSCaCO3NP, and dual drug-loaded GEF-PTXL-CSCaCO3NP without usage of toxic chemicals. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results reveal that the drugs are bound to CSCaCO3NP. Scanning electron microscopy studies reveal that the CSCaCO3NP, GEF-CSCaCO3NP, PTXL-CSCaCO3NP, and GEF-PTXL-CSCaCO3NP are almost spherical nanoparticles, with a diameter of 63.9 ± 22.3, 83.9 ± 28.2, 78.2 ± 26.4, and 87.2 ± 26.7 (nm), respectively. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and N2 adsorption-desorption experiments revealed that the synthesized nanoparticles are negatively charged and mesoporous, with surface areas ranging from ~8 to 10 (m2/g). Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) confirms that the synthesized nanoparticles are aragonite. The CSCaCO3NP show excellent alkalinization property in plasma simulating conditions and greater solubility in a moderately acidic pH medium. The release of drugs from the nanoparticles showed zero order kinetics with a slow and sustained release. Therefore, the physico-chemical characteristics and in vitro findings suggest that the drug loaded CSCaCO3NP represent a promising drug delivery system to deliver GEF and PTXL against breast cancer.
format Article
author Chemmalar, S.
Abdul Razak, Intan Shameha
Che Abdullah, Che Azurahanim
Ab Razak, Nor Asma
Mohamad Yusof, Loqman
Ajat, Mokrish
Gowthaman, N. S. K.
Abu Bakar, Md Zuki
spellingShingle Chemmalar, S.
Abdul Razak, Intan Shameha
Che Abdullah, Che Azurahanim
Ab Razak, Nor Asma
Mohamad Yusof, Loqman
Ajat, Mokrish
Gowthaman, N. S. K.
Abu Bakar, Md Zuki
Synthesis and characterization of gefitinib and paclitaxel mono and dual drug-loaded blood cockle shells (Anadara granosa)-derived aragonite CaCO3 nanoparticles
author_facet Chemmalar, S.
Abdul Razak, Intan Shameha
Che Abdullah, Che Azurahanim
Ab Razak, Nor Asma
Mohamad Yusof, Loqman
Ajat, Mokrish
Gowthaman, N. S. K.
Abu Bakar, Md Zuki
author_sort Chemmalar, S.
title Synthesis and characterization of gefitinib and paclitaxel mono and dual drug-loaded blood cockle shells (Anadara granosa)-derived aragonite CaCO3 nanoparticles
title_short Synthesis and characterization of gefitinib and paclitaxel mono and dual drug-loaded blood cockle shells (Anadara granosa)-derived aragonite CaCO3 nanoparticles
title_full Synthesis and characterization of gefitinib and paclitaxel mono and dual drug-loaded blood cockle shells (Anadara granosa)-derived aragonite CaCO3 nanoparticles
title_fullStr Synthesis and characterization of gefitinib and paclitaxel mono and dual drug-loaded blood cockle shells (Anadara granosa)-derived aragonite CaCO3 nanoparticles
title_full_unstemmed Synthesis and characterization of gefitinib and paclitaxel mono and dual drug-loaded blood cockle shells (Anadara granosa)-derived aragonite CaCO3 nanoparticles
title_sort synthesis and characterization of gefitinib and paclitaxel mono and dual drug-loaded blood cockle shells (anadara granosa)-derived aragonite caco3 nanoparticles
publisher MDPI AG
publishDate 2021
url http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/95254/
https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/8/1988
_version_ 1768009403582119936
score 13.211869

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