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Surface modified nanocellulose and its reinforcement in natural rubber matrix nanocomposites: a review

Natural rubber is of significant economic importance owing to its excellent resilience, elasticity, abrasion and impact resistance. Despite that, natural rubber has been identified with some drawbacks such as low modulus and strength and therefore opens up the opportunity for adding a reinforcing ag...

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Main Authors:	Lee, Seng Hua, Osman Al-Edrus, Syeed SaifulAzry, Faris Hakimi, Nik Muhammad, Wei, Chun Lum, Mohamad, Siti Fatahiyah, Park, Byung-Dae, Azmi, Anis
Format:	Article
Published:	MDPI AG 2021
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/95218/ https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/19/3241
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id	my.upm.eprints.95218
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spelling	my.upm.eprints.952182023-02-02T09:07:36Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/95218/ Surface modified nanocellulose and its reinforcement in natural rubber matrix nanocomposites: a review Lee, Seng Hua Osman Al-Edrus, Syeed SaifulAzry Faris Hakimi, Nik Muhammad Wei, Chun Lum Mohamad, Siti Fatahiyah Park, Byung-Dae Azmi, Anis Natural rubber is of significant economic importance owing to its excellent resilience, elasticity, abrasion and impact resistance. Despite that, natural rubber has been identified with some drawbacks such as low modulus and strength and therefore opens up the opportunity for adding a reinforcing agent. Apart from the conventional fillers such as silica, carbon black and lignocellulosic fibers, nanocellulose is also one of the ideal candidates. Nanocellulose is a promising filler with many excellent properties such as renewability, biocompatibility, non-toxicity, reactive surface, low density, high specific surface area, high tensile and elastic modulus. However, it has some limitations in hydrophobicity, solubility and compatibility and therefore it is very difficult to achieve good dispersion and interfacial properties with the natural rubber matrix. Surface modification is often carried out to enhance the interfacial compatibilities between nanocellulose and natural rubber and to alleviate difficulties in dispersing them in polar solvents or polymers. This paper aims to highlight the different surface modification methods employed by several researchers in modifying nanocellulose and its reinforcement effects in the natural rubber matrix. The mechanism of the different surface medication methods has been discussed. The review also lists out the conventional filler that had been used as reinforcing agent for natural rubber. The challenges and future prospective has also been concluded in the last part of this review. MDPI AG 2021-09-24 Article PeerReviewed Lee, Seng Hua and Osman Al-Edrus, Syeed SaifulAzry and Faris Hakimi, Nik Muhammad and Wei, Chun Lum and Mohamad, Siti Fatahiyah and Park, Byung-Dae and Azmi, Anis (2021) Surface modified nanocellulose and its reinforcement in natural rubber matrix nanocomposites: a review. Polymers, 13 (19). art. no. 3241. pp. 1-24. ISSN 2073-4360 https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/19/3241 10.3390/polym13193241
institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
building	UPM Library
collection	Institutional Repository
continent	Asia
country	Malaysia
content_provider	Universiti Putra Malaysia
content_source	UPM Institutional Repository
url_provider	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/
description	Natural rubber is of significant economic importance owing to its excellent resilience, elasticity, abrasion and impact resistance. Despite that, natural rubber has been identified with some drawbacks such as low modulus and strength and therefore opens up the opportunity for adding a reinforcing agent. Apart from the conventional fillers such as silica, carbon black and lignocellulosic fibers, nanocellulose is also one of the ideal candidates. Nanocellulose is a promising filler with many excellent properties such as renewability, biocompatibility, non-toxicity, reactive surface, low density, high specific surface area, high tensile and elastic modulus. However, it has some limitations in hydrophobicity, solubility and compatibility and therefore it is very difficult to achieve good dispersion and interfacial properties with the natural rubber matrix. Surface modification is often carried out to enhance the interfacial compatibilities between nanocellulose and natural rubber and to alleviate difficulties in dispersing them in polar solvents or polymers. This paper aims to highlight the different surface modification methods employed by several researchers in modifying nanocellulose and its reinforcement effects in the natural rubber matrix. The mechanism of the different surface medication methods has been discussed. The review also lists out the conventional filler that had been used as reinforcing agent for natural rubber. The challenges and future prospective has also been concluded in the last part of this review.
format	Article
author	Lee, Seng Hua Osman Al-Edrus, Syeed SaifulAzry Faris Hakimi, Nik Muhammad Wei, Chun Lum Mohamad, Siti Fatahiyah Park, Byung-Dae Azmi, Anis
spellingShingle	Lee, Seng Hua Osman Al-Edrus, Syeed SaifulAzry Faris Hakimi, Nik Muhammad Wei, Chun Lum Mohamad, Siti Fatahiyah Park, Byung-Dae Azmi, Anis Surface modified nanocellulose and its reinforcement in natural rubber matrix nanocomposites: a review
author_facet	Lee, Seng Hua Osman Al-Edrus, Syeed SaifulAzry Faris Hakimi, Nik Muhammad Wei, Chun Lum Mohamad, Siti Fatahiyah Park, Byung-Dae Azmi, Anis
author_sort	Lee, Seng Hua
title	Surface modified nanocellulose and its reinforcement in natural rubber matrix nanocomposites: a review
title_short	Surface modified nanocellulose and its reinforcement in natural rubber matrix nanocomposites: a review
title_full	Surface modified nanocellulose and its reinforcement in natural rubber matrix nanocomposites: a review
title_fullStr	Surface modified nanocellulose and its reinforcement in natural rubber matrix nanocomposites: a review
title_full_unstemmed	Surface modified nanocellulose and its reinforcement in natural rubber matrix nanocomposites: a review
title_sort	surface modified nanocellulose and its reinforcement in natural rubber matrix nanocomposites: a review
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/95218/ https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/19/3241
_version_	1758579844644339712
score	13.211869

Surface modified nanocellulose and its reinforcement in natural rubber matrix nanocomposites: a review

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