Development of geographical weightage regression model for urban crime in Sungai Petani, Kedah, Malaysia
Development and urbanization may bring prosperity to some urban dwellers, but most often, socio-economic imbalances do take place that condemned the low-income group to poverty. It is noted that the changes in land use do bring about changes in the urban formation that leads to changes in...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2019
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/85646/1/FK%202020%2037%20-%20ir.pdf http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/85646/ |
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| Summary: | Development and urbanization may bring prosperity to some urban dwellers, but most often,
socio-economic imbalances do take place that condemned the low-income group to poverty. It is noted
that the changes in land use do bring about changes in the urban formation that leads to
changes in the daily life activities of the people, but social imbalances do create new
opportunities or change the existing opportunities for them to commit crimes. This research
discussed the subject matter of land use and its relation to the neighbourhood perception of safety
on criminal activity located in Sungai Petani, Kedah. The study firstly used SPOT-5 satellite
images to measure urban growth for thirteen years from 2000 to 2013 processed by ERDAS
IMAGINE software. The first objective is on urban changes from the year 2000 to 2013 is recorded at
24.2% growth. Then, secondly, the crime data that combined three types of crime, including violent
crime, property crime, and drug offenses were collected from the Police Department in Sungai
Petani. The crime distribution hotspot in the town of Sungai Petani was identified, and the
direction of urbanization taking place was observed to be taking place towards the industrial sites
of Kulim, Kedah and Pulau Pinang. Thirdly, in addition to these data, neighbourhood perception of
safety data was obtained from 444 respondents through a questionnaire that measured several
variables, viz., urban security, individual safety, social problems, crimes, development,
and governance of the locality studied were interviewed and analyzed. Analytical
Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis was used to examine the suitable variable to be included in
the model developed. The result revealed that land use is perceived to influence crime relative to
the neighbourhood perception of safety whereby the weight for land use is 88.7 percent while the
weight for perception is only 16.7 percent that includes the issues of governance, social
problem, criminal problem, urban security, and individual safety. The aim of this study is also to
investigate and to establish an urban crime model. The factors from AHP that produce consistent and
realistic weight values of influent factors on criminal activity are residential,
commercial and road. Besides the latter, neighbourhood perception of safety is
influenced by the factors of gangs, burglary, fear of crime and fear of neighbourhood crime.
perception of safety on criminal activity, a geographically weighted regression (GWR) model by
ArcGIS software is used that could be used to manage crime prevention in the future development of
the township of Sungai Petani. The results R² = 0.82 revealed that there are strong correlations
between urban growth and crime incidents such as violent crime and drug crime. The result confirmed
the theory that the strength of the relationship increases whenever any variable used is
compared with the increase in urban development and growth. Thus, this research is able
to distinguish the spatial trait of criminal activities and drug abuse occurred, and the
findings will benefit the local authorities, planners, and crime control specialists in
recognizing the criminal incident zones effectively and to act proactively as opposed to a reactive
response. The crime pattern identified will contribute to further understanding the high-risk area
of the crime and thereby to prevent future potential crime from taking place. The study does make
suggestions that by improving the security measures, governance, and development of the said
urban area will strengthen societal wellbeing of the urban area as well as
ultimately to ensure sustainable development goals for the country be reachable. |
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