Factors associated with overweight/obesity among secondary school students in Batang Padang District, Perak, Malaysia
Overweight and obesity are the fifth leading risk for global deaths and approximately 300,000 people die each year of ailments related to obesity. Overweight and obese adolescents are at increased risk of significant health problems such as hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, stroke and cancer...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2019
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/84223/1/FPSK%20%28m%29%202019%2054%20UPM%20ir.pdf http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/84223/ |
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| Summary: | Overweight and obesity are the fifth leading risk for global deaths and
approximately 300,000 people die each year of ailments related to obesity.
Overweight and obese adolescents are at increased risk of significant health
problems such as hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, stroke and cancer.
The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and
obesity and factors associated among secondary school students in Batang
Padang District, Perak.
An analytic cross sectional study was conducted in selected secondary schools
in Batang Padang district, Perak, Malaysia. Sample size was calculated using
two proportion formula. Systematic random sampling followed by cluster
sampling method was used for selecting the schools. A validated selfadministered questionnaire was used to obtain information on
sociodemographic factors, lifestyle factors and psychosocial factors. Physical
activity questionnaire for adolescents (PAQ-A), which was modified and
adapted from Kowalski et al. (2004), was used to assess general level of
physical activity. Rosenberg self-esteem Scale was used to measure selfesteem. Body parts satisfaction scale and body size perception scale were
used to measure body Image. Anthropometrics measurements of height and
weight were measured for each respondent. Body mass index (BMI) was
calculated (weight in kg/height in m2). Data collection was done after getting
approval from University Ethics Committee for Research Involving Human,
University Putra Malaysia and permission from the Ministry of Education. Data
analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 22 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA).Variables that was significantly associated
with overweight/obesity were entered into logistic regression model. Simple
logistic regression was used to determine the crude odd ratio. Variables with p
value < 0.25 were entered into the multivariable logistic regression to
determine the adjusted odd ratio. P value < 0.05 in the multivariable logistic
regression was considered statistically significant.
The overall response rate was 86%. The results showed that majority were
females (53.1%) and Malays (55.9%). The mean age was 14.73 (95%CI =
14.70, 14.77). The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity was 16.0%
and 11.5% respectively. It was seen that the prevalence was higher among
male (29.8%) compared to female (25.3%).Obesity/overweight was significantly
associated with gender (χ2=16.0, p=0.0001), age (χ2=40.3,p=0.0001), ethnicity
(χ2=21.3, p=0.0001), education level of father (χ2=8.0, p=0.045) education level
of mother (χ2=8.0, p=0.045), physical activity (χ2=4.0, p=0.044),disordered
eating (χ2=25.4, p=0.0001),smoking status (χ2=13.3, p=0.001), body size
perception (χ2=348.9, p=0.0001) and body part satisfaction (χ2=117.4,
p=0.0001). Multivarible logistic regression was used to determine the predictors
of overweight/obesity and it showed that the significant predictors of
overweight/obesity were gender, physical activity, body parts satisfaction, body
perception, and disordered eating. The odds of developing overweight/obesity
is 1.5 times higher in male than in females (OR=1.545, 95% CI = 1.4, 1.8,
p<0.001). Those with lower physical activity are 1.3 times more likely to
develop overweight/obesity (OR=1.254, 95%Cl 1.1-1.5, p=0.005).The odds of
developing obesity is 1.9 times higher in those who was dissatisfied with their
body parts (OR=1.964, 95%CI =1.7, 2.3, p<0.001). Those who was dissatisfied
with their body size were 4.2 times more likely to develop overweight/obesity
(OR=4.233, 95%CI= 3.6, 5.0, p<0.001). Those who are at risk of having eating
disorders are 1.4 times more likely to develop overweight/obesity (OR=1.401,
95%CI= 1.2, 1.6, p<0.001).
In conclusion the overall prevalence of overweight and obesity was high
(overweight (16.0%) and obesity (11.5%). The findings from this study can be
used by policy makers to plan an integrated intervention program to tackle the
increasing prevalence of obesity. |
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