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Determination of dispersion predictability on oil spill dispersant using the warren spring laboratory LR 448 test and swirling flask test

One of a method used to clean the oil spill is using oil spill dispersant. Availability of dispersant on sea surface reduces the tension and lead to separation of oil and seawater. Early studies showed dispersed oil has a higher rate of degradation than oil in a surface slick, which poses a lesser t...

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Main Authors: Mohamad, Najihah, Ismail, Mohamad Saupi, Yap, Chee Kong
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SOAOJ Publishing 2019
Online Access:http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/81121/1/WARREN.pdf
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/81121/
https://soaoj.com/wp-content/uploads/Determination-of-Dispersion-Predictability-on-Oil-Spill-Dispersant-Using-the-Warren-Spring-Laboratory-LR-448-Test-and-Swirling-Flask-Test-PTPOAOJ-I-101.pdf
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spelling my.upm.eprints.811212020-09-10T03:37:13Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/81121/ Determination of dispersion predictability on oil spill dispersant using the warren spring laboratory LR 448 test and swirling flask test Mohamad, Najihah Ismail, Mohamad Saupi Yap, Chee Kong One of a method used to clean the oil spill is using oil spill dispersant. Availability of dispersant on sea surface reduces the tension and lead to separation of oil and seawater. Early studies showed dispersed oil has a higher rate of degradation than oil in a surface slick, which poses a lesser threat to the environment. However, in recent times with abundant brands of dispersants present, the need to test the effectiveness of oil spill dispersant is increasing. The objective of this study is to determine the relative effectiveness of approved and local dispersants on crude oil and to compare the effectiveness result of two different laboratory tests, which is Warren Spring Laboratory (WSL) LR 448 protocol and Swirling Flask Test (SFT). Five dispersants (A, B, C, D, and E) were tested with Malaysia’s benchmark crude oil, Tapis Blend (API Gravity 44°). Experiments were conducted using a UV-VIS spectrophotometer at a Dispersant to Oil Ratio (DOR) of 1:20 for both protocols. Seawater temperature and salinity were set at 29°C and 30 ppt respectively. Results of the WSL protocol showed that dispersants A, C, D, and E marked a relatively lower range of effectiveness between 2.46% to 41.56% index of effectiveness. Only dispersant B (84.31%) did pass the minimum effective range of ≥50%. Contrarily, SFT presents an increasing range of effectiveness with three dispersants (B, D, and E) passed the minimum range of efficiency with 92%, 61.85% and 52.95% respectively. Overall, SFT produces a higher percentage of efficiency compared to WSL. This study could contribute as a baseline to produce a significant test method and a robust data of dispersants supported to be used during oil spill incidents. SOAOJ Publishing 2019 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/81121/1/WARREN.pdf Mohamad, Najihah and Ismail, Mohamad Saupi and Yap, Chee Kong (2019) Determination of dispersion predictability on oil spill dispersant using the warren spring laboratory LR 448 test and swirling flask test. Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics, 1 (1). pp. 1-5. https://soaoj.com/wp-content/uploads/Determination-of-Dispersion-Predictability-on-Oil-Spill-Dispersant-Using-the-Warren-Spring-Laboratory-LR-448-Test-and-Swirling-Flask-Test-PTPOAOJ-I-101.pdf
institution Universiti Putra Malaysia
building UPM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Putra Malaysia
content_source UPM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://psasir.upm.edu.my/
language English
description One of a method used to clean the oil spill is using oil spill dispersant. Availability of dispersant on sea surface reduces the tension and lead to separation of oil and seawater. Early studies showed dispersed oil has a higher rate of degradation than oil in a surface slick, which poses a lesser threat to the environment. However, in recent times with abundant brands of dispersants present, the need to test the effectiveness of oil spill dispersant is increasing. The objective of this study is to determine the relative effectiveness of approved and local dispersants on crude oil and to compare the effectiveness result of two different laboratory tests, which is Warren Spring Laboratory (WSL) LR 448 protocol and Swirling Flask Test (SFT). Five dispersants (A, B, C, D, and E) were tested with Malaysia’s benchmark crude oil, Tapis Blend (API Gravity 44°). Experiments were conducted using a UV-VIS spectrophotometer at a Dispersant to Oil Ratio (DOR) of 1:20 for both protocols. Seawater temperature and salinity were set at 29°C and 30 ppt respectively. Results of the WSL protocol showed that dispersants A, C, D, and E marked a relatively lower range of effectiveness between 2.46% to 41.56% index of effectiveness. Only dispersant B (84.31%) did pass the minimum effective range of ≥50%. Contrarily, SFT presents an increasing range of effectiveness with three dispersants (B, D, and E) passed the minimum range of efficiency with 92%, 61.85% and 52.95% respectively. Overall, SFT produces a higher percentage of efficiency compared to WSL. This study could contribute as a baseline to produce a significant test method and a robust data of dispersants supported to be used during oil spill incidents.
format Article
author Mohamad, Najihah
Ismail, Mohamad Saupi
Yap, Chee Kong
spellingShingle Mohamad, Najihah
Ismail, Mohamad Saupi
Yap, Chee Kong
Determination of dispersion predictability on oil spill dispersant using the warren spring laboratory LR 448 test and swirling flask test
author_facet Mohamad, Najihah
Ismail, Mohamad Saupi
Yap, Chee Kong
author_sort Mohamad, Najihah
title Determination of dispersion predictability on oil spill dispersant using the warren spring laboratory LR 448 test and swirling flask test
title_short Determination of dispersion predictability on oil spill dispersant using the warren spring laboratory LR 448 test and swirling flask test
title_full Determination of dispersion predictability on oil spill dispersant using the warren spring laboratory LR 448 test and swirling flask test
title_fullStr Determination of dispersion predictability on oil spill dispersant using the warren spring laboratory LR 448 test and swirling flask test
title_full_unstemmed Determination of dispersion predictability on oil spill dispersant using the warren spring laboratory LR 448 test and swirling flask test
title_sort determination of dispersion predictability on oil spill dispersant using the warren spring laboratory lr 448 test and swirling flask test
publisher SOAOJ Publishing
publishDate 2019
url http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/81121/1/WARREN.pdf
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/81121/
https://soaoj.com/wp-content/uploads/Determination-of-Dispersion-Predictability-on-Oil-Spill-Dispersant-Using-the-Warren-Spring-Laboratory-LR-448-Test-and-Swirling-Flask-Test-PTPOAOJ-I-101.pdf
_version_ 1677783007755239424
score 13.211869

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