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Environmental impact, health risk and management cost of landfilling practice: a case study in Klang, Selangor, Malaysia

Introduction: Selangor is known as the main waste contributor in Malaysia. The state generates 7,220 tons of solid waste a day. Around 80-90% of waste is disposed of in landfills that lead to environmental and human health problems as well as high management costs. Conclusion: Poor landfilling pract...

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Main Authors:	Rangga, Josfirin Uding, Syed Ismail, Sharifah Norkhadijah, Rasdi, Irniza, Karuppiah, Karmegam, M. F., Ikmal Irozi
Format:	Article
Published:	Scholarena 2019
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/79713/ http://www.scholarena.com/journals/journal-of-waste-management-and-disposal/articles.php?volume=2&issue=1
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spelling	my.upm.eprints.797132022-10-25T07:28:58Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/79713/ Environmental impact, health risk and management cost of landfilling practice: a case study in Klang, Selangor, Malaysia Rangga, Josfirin Uding Syed Ismail, Sharifah Norkhadijah Rasdi, Irniza Karuppiah, Karmegam M. F., Ikmal Irozi Introduction: Selangor is known as the main waste contributor in Malaysia. The state generates 7,220 tons of solid waste a day. Around 80-90% of waste is disposed of in landfills that lead to environmental and human health problems as well as high management costs. Conclusion: Poor landfilling practice can cause high impacts to the environment, health and cost where other sustainable approaches of MSW management should be considered in a future study. Objective: This study aims to analyze the environmental impact, health risk and waste management costs of landfilling practice in Klang, Selangor. Methods: In this study, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) methods was used to estimate the GHG emission. Air Pollutant Emission Factors (AP-42,Vol.1, 1998), and Emission Estimation Technique Manual for MSW Landfills (Version 2.0, 2010) were used to analyze non-methane organic compounds (NMOC) and heavy metals, respectively. The method from Gerard, 1998 was used to estimate the landfill area for waste disposal. For health risk assessment, the equations were obtained from U.S EPA. Mathematical equations for leachate and management costs were adopted and modified from Solid Waste Management Lab 2015. Results: In average Klang generates 199,593.48 tons/year (t/yr.) of solid waste. In total of 7 years, CH4 emission was 60,588.04 tons (mean ±SD = 8,655.43 tons / year (t/yr.) ±697.93 t) that equivalent to 1,514,700.97 tons of CO2-eq emission (mean ±SD = 216,385.85 t/yr. ±17,448.19 t). Leachate production and land use were 41,914.63 m3/yr. ±3,379.77 and 2.38 ha/year (ha/yr.) ±0.19 ha). Heavy metals were 35% Pb, 35% Zn, 14% Cr, 12% Cu and 4% Cd. The highest NMOC emission was hydrogen sulfide (2.35E-01 m3/yr.). There was an acceptable risk for carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic exposure to the NMOC. Collection and transportation were the highest costs (67%) of waste management. Scholarena 2019 Article PeerReviewed Rangga, Josfirin Uding and Syed Ismail, Sharifah Norkhadijah and Rasdi, Irniza and Karuppiah, Karmegam and M. F., Ikmal Irozi (2019) Environmental impact, health risk and management cost of landfilling practice: a case study in Klang, Selangor, Malaysia. Journal of Waste Management and Disposal, 2 (1). pp. 1-12. ISSN 8827-8827 http://www.scholarena.com/journals/journal-of-waste-management-and-disposal/articles.php?volume=2&issue=1
institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
building	UPM Library
collection	Institutional Repository
continent	Asia
country	Malaysia
content_provider	Universiti Putra Malaysia
content_source	UPM Institutional Repository
url_provider	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/
description	Introduction: Selangor is known as the main waste contributor in Malaysia. The state generates 7,220 tons of solid waste a day. Around 80-90% of waste is disposed of in landfills that lead to environmental and human health problems as well as high management costs. Conclusion: Poor landfilling practice can cause high impacts to the environment, health and cost where other sustainable approaches of MSW management should be considered in a future study. Objective: This study aims to analyze the environmental impact, health risk and waste management costs of landfilling practice in Klang, Selangor. Methods: In this study, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) methods was used to estimate the GHG emission. Air Pollutant Emission Factors (AP-42,Vol.1, 1998), and Emission Estimation Technique Manual for MSW Landfills (Version 2.0, 2010) were used to analyze non-methane organic compounds (NMOC) and heavy metals, respectively. The method from Gerard, 1998 was used to estimate the landfill area for waste disposal. For health risk assessment, the equations were obtained from U.S EPA. Mathematical equations for leachate and management costs were adopted and modified from Solid Waste Management Lab 2015. Results: In average Klang generates 199,593.48 tons/year (t/yr.) of solid waste. In total of 7 years, CH4 emission was 60,588.04 tons (mean ±SD = 8,655.43 tons / year (t/yr.) ±697.93 t) that equivalent to 1,514,700.97 tons of CO2-eq emission (mean ±SD = 216,385.85 t/yr. ±17,448.19 t). Leachate production and land use were 41,914.63 m3/yr. ±3,379.77 and 2.38 ha/year (ha/yr.) ±0.19 ha). Heavy metals were 35% Pb, 35% Zn, 14% Cr, 12% Cu and 4% Cd. The highest NMOC emission was hydrogen sulfide (2.35E-01 m3/yr.). There was an acceptable risk for carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic exposure to the NMOC. Collection and transportation were the highest costs (67%) of waste management.
format	Article
author	Rangga, Josfirin Uding Syed Ismail, Sharifah Norkhadijah Rasdi, Irniza Karuppiah, Karmegam M. F., Ikmal Irozi
spellingShingle	Rangga, Josfirin Uding Syed Ismail, Sharifah Norkhadijah Rasdi, Irniza Karuppiah, Karmegam M. F., Ikmal Irozi Environmental impact, health risk and management cost of landfilling practice: a case study in Klang, Selangor, Malaysia
author_facet	Rangga, Josfirin Uding Syed Ismail, Sharifah Norkhadijah Rasdi, Irniza Karuppiah, Karmegam M. F., Ikmal Irozi
author_sort	Rangga, Josfirin Uding
title	Environmental impact, health risk and management cost of landfilling practice: a case study in Klang, Selangor, Malaysia
title_short	Environmental impact, health risk and management cost of landfilling practice: a case study in Klang, Selangor, Malaysia
title_full	Environmental impact, health risk and management cost of landfilling practice: a case study in Klang, Selangor, Malaysia
title_fullStr	Environmental impact, health risk and management cost of landfilling practice: a case study in Klang, Selangor, Malaysia
title_full_unstemmed	Environmental impact, health risk and management cost of landfilling practice: a case study in Klang, Selangor, Malaysia
title_sort	environmental impact, health risk and management cost of landfilling practice: a case study in klang, selangor, malaysia
publisher	Scholarena
publishDate	2019
url	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/79713/ http://www.scholarena.com/journals/journal-of-waste-management-and-disposal/articles.php?volume=2&issue=1
_version_	1748704615393656832
score	13.211869

Environmental impact, health risk and management cost of landfilling practice: a case study in Klang, Selangor, Malaysia

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