Optimisation of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation for biobutanol production using oil palm empty fruit bunch
Malaysia has a vast amount of tropical agricultural land that suitable for various agricultural activities. A lot of biomass generated from the agricultural activities such as rubber, paddy, fruit and oil palm biomass. Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) has been recorded as one of the largest...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2018
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/75709/1/FBSB%202018%2040%20IR.pdf http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/75709/ |
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| Summary: | Malaysia has a vast amount of tropical agricultural land that suitable for various
agricultural activities. A lot of biomass generated from the agricultural activities
such as rubber, paddy, fruit and oil palm biomass. Oil palm empty fruit bunch
(OPEFB) has been recorded as one of the largest oil palm biomass (18–19
million tonnes/year) produced in palm oil processing mill. OPEFB has the
potential as substrate for biobutanol production due to its abundance, cheap
and high holocellulose content, thus provide renewability and environmentally
friendly biobutanol compared to fossil fuels. Process for biobutanol production
from OPEFB can be classified into two major processes: (i) separate
saccharification and fermentation (SHF) and (ii) simultaneous saccharification
and fermentation (SSF). SSF is a process where the enzymatic
saccharification of OPEFB and ABE fermentation are carried out
simultaneously in a flask. SSF process has recently gained attention and was
proven to be more feasible than SHF, as it reduces the needs for additional
equipments therefore lowering in capital, operational costs and time. The main
disadvantage of the SSF process is the optimum temperature for fermenting
Clostridia (37°C) does not coincide with the optimum temperature for cellulase
(50°C). Thus, the objective of this study was to improve the biobutanol
production through SSF using OPEFB. The optimisation study consisted of two
main parts that employed; one factor at a time (OFAT) approach and using
Central Composite Design (CCD) by Response Surface Methodology (RSM).
The SSF process successfully produced maximum biobutanol concentration of
1.74 g/L and biobutanol yield of 0.070 g/g at 96 h. The SSF biobutanol yield
was comparable to the SHF biobutanol yield of 0.078 g/g. The SSF process
was further enhanced by studying the preliminary investigation by OFAT
approach. The results generated maximum biobutanol concentration of 2.91g/L and biobutanol yield 0.12 g/g. The percentage of biobutanol increment was
40.21% and 1.71 fold. The biobutanol production was further statistically
optimised using CCD. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the
model was very significant (p<0.0010) for the biobutanol production. The
optimum fermentation conditions obtained the highest biobutanol production
were at temperature of 35°C, initial pH of 5.5, cellulase loading of 15 FPU/g of
substrate and 5% (w/v) substrate concentration. From the validation study, the
statistical optimisation resulted in a significant increment of biobutanol
production of 3.97 g/L with biobutanol yield of 0.16 g/g with 55.95% increment
(2.14 fold). The model and optimisation design obtained in this study helps to
improve the biobutanol production in which was comparable to other studies of
SSF processes using Clostridia species. |
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