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Suppression of proinflammatory cytokines and mediators in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages by stem extract of Alternanthera sessilis via the inhibition of the NF-κB pathway

Alternanthera sessilis, an edible succulent herb, has been widely used as herbal drug in many regions around the globe. Inflammation is a natural process of the innate immune system, accompanied with the increase in the level of proinflammatory mediators, for example, nitric oxide (NO) and prostagla...

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Main Authors: Muniandy, Katyakyini, Gothai, Sivapragasam, Badran, Khaleel M. H., Kumar, S. Suresh, Mohd Esa, Norhaizan, Arulselvan, Palanisamy
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Hindawi 2018
Online Access:http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/74023/1/SEPSIS.pdf
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/74023/
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jir/2018/3430684/
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spelling my.upm.eprints.740232021-06-21T06:11:40Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/74023/ Suppression of proinflammatory cytokines and mediators in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages by stem extract of Alternanthera sessilis via the inhibition of the NF-κB pathway Muniandy, Katyakyini Gothai, Sivapragasam Badran, Khaleel M. H. Kumar, S. Suresh Mohd Esa, Norhaizan Arulselvan, Palanisamy Alternanthera sessilis, an edible succulent herb, has been widely used as herbal drug in many regions around the globe. Inflammation is a natural process of the innate immune system, accompanied with the increase in the level of proinflammatory mediators, for example, nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin (PGE2); cytokines such as interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα); and enzymes including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) via the activation and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) subunit p65 due to the phosphorylation of inhibitory protein, IκBα. Inflammation over a short period of time is essential for its therapeutic effect. However, prolonged inflammation can be detrimental as it is related to many chronic diseases such as delayed wound healing, cardiovascular disease, arthritis, and autoimmune disorders. Therefore, ways to curb chronic inflammation have been extensively investigated. In line with that, in this present study, we attempted to study the suppression activity of the proinflammatory cytokines and mediators as a characteristic of anti-inflammatory action, by using stem extract of A. sessilis in the lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line. The results showed that the extract has significantly inhibited the production of the proinflammatory mediators including NO and PGE2; cytokines comprising IL-6, IL-1β, and TNFα; and enzymes covering the iNOS and COX-2 by preventing the IκBα from being degraded, to inhibit the nuclear translocation of NF-κB subunit p65 in order to hinder the inflammatory pathway activation. These results indicated that the stem extract of A. sessilis could be an effective candidate for ameliorating inflammatory-associated complications. Hindawi 2018 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/74023/1/SEPSIS.pdf Muniandy, Katyakyini and Gothai, Sivapragasam and Badran, Khaleel M. H. and Kumar, S. Suresh and Mohd Esa, Norhaizan and Arulselvan, Palanisamy (2018) Suppression of proinflammatory cytokines and mediators in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages by stem extract of Alternanthera sessilis via the inhibition of the NF-κB pathway. Journal of Immunology Research, 2018. art. no. 3430684. pp. 1-12. ISSN 2314-8861; ESSN: 2314-7156 https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jir/2018/3430684/ 10.1155/2018/3430684
institution Universiti Putra Malaysia
building UPM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Putra Malaysia
content_source UPM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://psasir.upm.edu.my/
language English
description Alternanthera sessilis, an edible succulent herb, has been widely used as herbal drug in many regions around the globe. Inflammation is a natural process of the innate immune system, accompanied with the increase in the level of proinflammatory mediators, for example, nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin (PGE2); cytokines such as interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα); and enzymes including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) via the activation and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) subunit p65 due to the phosphorylation of inhibitory protein, IκBα. Inflammation over a short period of time is essential for its therapeutic effect. However, prolonged inflammation can be detrimental as it is related to many chronic diseases such as delayed wound healing, cardiovascular disease, arthritis, and autoimmune disorders. Therefore, ways to curb chronic inflammation have been extensively investigated. In line with that, in this present study, we attempted to study the suppression activity of the proinflammatory cytokines and mediators as a characteristic of anti-inflammatory action, by using stem extract of A. sessilis in the lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line. The results showed that the extract has significantly inhibited the production of the proinflammatory mediators including NO and PGE2; cytokines comprising IL-6, IL-1β, and TNFα; and enzymes covering the iNOS and COX-2 by preventing the IκBα from being degraded, to inhibit the nuclear translocation of NF-κB subunit p65 in order to hinder the inflammatory pathway activation. These results indicated that the stem extract of A. sessilis could be an effective candidate for ameliorating inflammatory-associated complications.
format Article
author Muniandy, Katyakyini
Gothai, Sivapragasam
Badran, Khaleel M. H.
Kumar, S. Suresh
Mohd Esa, Norhaizan
Arulselvan, Palanisamy
spellingShingle Muniandy, Katyakyini
Gothai, Sivapragasam
Badran, Khaleel M. H.
Kumar, S. Suresh
Mohd Esa, Norhaizan
Arulselvan, Palanisamy
Suppression of proinflammatory cytokines and mediators in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages by stem extract of Alternanthera sessilis via the inhibition of the NF-κB pathway
author_facet Muniandy, Katyakyini
Gothai, Sivapragasam
Badran, Khaleel M. H.
Kumar, S. Suresh
Mohd Esa, Norhaizan
Arulselvan, Palanisamy
author_sort Muniandy, Katyakyini
title Suppression of proinflammatory cytokines and mediators in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages by stem extract of Alternanthera sessilis via the inhibition of the NF-κB pathway
title_short Suppression of proinflammatory cytokines and mediators in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages by stem extract of Alternanthera sessilis via the inhibition of the NF-κB pathway
title_full Suppression of proinflammatory cytokines and mediators in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages by stem extract of Alternanthera sessilis via the inhibition of the NF-κB pathway
title_fullStr Suppression of proinflammatory cytokines and mediators in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages by stem extract of Alternanthera sessilis via the inhibition of the NF-κB pathway
title_full_unstemmed Suppression of proinflammatory cytokines and mediators in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages by stem extract of Alternanthera sessilis via the inhibition of the NF-κB pathway
title_sort suppression of proinflammatory cytokines and mediators in lps-induced raw 264.7 macrophages by stem extract of alternanthera sessilis via the inhibition of the nf-κb pathway
publisher Hindawi
publishDate 2018
url http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/74023/1/SEPSIS.pdf
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/74023/
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jir/2018/3430684/
_version_ 1703962141362487296
score 13.211869

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