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Extraction and characterization of nanocrystalline cellulose from oil palm empty fruit bunch and its potential as adsorbent for dye removal

Over the past few decades, enormous interest has been manifested in using biomass as a source of renewable energy and materials. Cellulose, in the form of Nanocrystalline Cellulose (NCC), gains prominence as a new nanostructured material. In this study, NCC was extracted from oil palm empty fruit...

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Main Author: Shanmugarajah, Bawaanii
Format: Thesis
Language:English
Published: 2017
Online Access:http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/71219/1/FK%202017%2077%20-%20IR.pdf
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/71219/
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spelling my.upm.eprints.712192019-08-29T08:37:09Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/71219/ Extraction and characterization of nanocrystalline cellulose from oil palm empty fruit bunch and its potential as adsorbent for dye removal Shanmugarajah, Bawaanii Over the past few decades, enormous interest has been manifested in using biomass as a source of renewable energy and materials. Cellulose, in the form of Nanocrystalline Cellulose (NCC), gains prominence as a new nanostructured material. In this study, NCC was extracted from oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) via acid hydrolysis method. NCC was successfully extracted from EFB using 64 wt% sulfuric acid at 45°C for 45 min. The products obtained from each stage were characterized to confirm the removal of non-cellulosic components. In addition, Xray Diffraction (XRD) results disclosed that nanocrystals exhibited crystallinity index of 60%. On the other hand, Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) showed NCC exhibited network like structure. It also showed that the native cellulose crystalline network region is approximately 20 nm diameter, while Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) suggested NCC to have an average particle size of 291.4 nm. Following that, NCC was employed for Methylene Blue (MB) dye removal. Batch adsorption studies were carried out to analyze the effect of contact time, initial dye concentration, adsorbent dosage and agitation speed at a temperature of 30 ± 2°C. The obtained experimental data fitted well to Langmuir isotherm with monolayer adsorption capacity of 144.93 mg/g. Pseudo-second-order kinetic model provided a better correlation of the experimental data than others such as Lagergrens pseudofirst- order model. It was also found that intraparticle diffusion was not the only rate controlling step, instead, boundary layer diffusion was also contributing to the adsorption activity. 2017-05 Thesis NonPeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/71219/1/FK%202017%2077%20-%20IR.pdf Shanmugarajah, Bawaanii (2017) Extraction and characterization of nanocrystalline cellulose from oil palm empty fruit bunch and its potential as adsorbent for dye removal. Masters thesis, Universiti Putra Malaysia.
institution Universiti Putra Malaysia
building UPM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Putra Malaysia
content_source UPM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://psasir.upm.edu.my/
language English
description Over the past few decades, enormous interest has been manifested in using biomass as a source of renewable energy and materials. Cellulose, in the form of Nanocrystalline Cellulose (NCC), gains prominence as a new nanostructured material. In this study, NCC was extracted from oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) via acid hydrolysis method. NCC was successfully extracted from EFB using 64 wt% sulfuric acid at 45°C for 45 min. The products obtained from each stage were characterized to confirm the removal of non-cellulosic components. In addition, Xray Diffraction (XRD) results disclosed that nanocrystals exhibited crystallinity index of 60%. On the other hand, Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) showed NCC exhibited network like structure. It also showed that the native cellulose crystalline network region is approximately 20 nm diameter, while Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) suggested NCC to have an average particle size of 291.4 nm. Following that, NCC was employed for Methylene Blue (MB) dye removal. Batch adsorption studies were carried out to analyze the effect of contact time, initial dye concentration, adsorbent dosage and agitation speed at a temperature of 30 ± 2°C. The obtained experimental data fitted well to Langmuir isotherm with monolayer adsorption capacity of 144.93 mg/g. Pseudo-second-order kinetic model provided a better correlation of the experimental data than others such as Lagergrens pseudofirst- order model. It was also found that intraparticle diffusion was not the only rate controlling step, instead, boundary layer diffusion was also contributing to the adsorption activity.
format Thesis
author Shanmugarajah, Bawaanii
spellingShingle Shanmugarajah, Bawaanii
Extraction and characterization of nanocrystalline cellulose from oil palm empty fruit bunch and its potential as adsorbent for dye removal
author_facet Shanmugarajah, Bawaanii
author_sort Shanmugarajah, Bawaanii
title Extraction and characterization of nanocrystalline cellulose from oil palm empty fruit bunch and its potential as adsorbent for dye removal
title_short Extraction and characterization of nanocrystalline cellulose from oil palm empty fruit bunch and its potential as adsorbent for dye removal
title_full Extraction and characterization of nanocrystalline cellulose from oil palm empty fruit bunch and its potential as adsorbent for dye removal
title_fullStr Extraction and characterization of nanocrystalline cellulose from oil palm empty fruit bunch and its potential as adsorbent for dye removal
title_full_unstemmed Extraction and characterization of nanocrystalline cellulose from oil palm empty fruit bunch and its potential as adsorbent for dye removal
title_sort extraction and characterization of nanocrystalline cellulose from oil palm empty fruit bunch and its potential as adsorbent for dye removal
publishDate 2017
url http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/71219/1/FK%202017%2077%20-%20IR.pdf
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/71219/
_version_ 1643839840674906112
score 13.211869

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