Radiographic evaluation of transverse ulna fractures treated with the intramedullary pin-external skeletal fixator (IM-ESF) tie-in technique in pigeons (Columba livia domestica)
Thirty five pigeons with mid-shaft transverse ulna fracture treated with intramedullary pin-external skeletal fixator (IM-ESF tie-in) technique showed healed in 94% (33 ulnas) of the cases. Only 2 ulnas (6%) showed evidence of delayed healing. Most of the fracture sites healed with secondary bone he...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Conference or Workshop Item |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Universiti Putra Malaysia Press
2004
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| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/7092/1/71-24.pdf http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/7092/ |
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| Summary: | Thirty five pigeons with mid-shaft transverse ulna fracture treated with intramedullary pin-external skeletal fixator (IM-ESF tie-in) technique showed healed in 94% (33 ulnas) of the cases. Only 2 ulnas (6%) showed evidence of delayed healing. Most of the fracture sites healed with secondary bone healing (84%). Primary bone healing occurred in only 3 birds (8.6%). No evidence of implant failure was found in any ulna treated with this technique. |
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