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Development of microweir structure by lithographic fabrication process for malaria cell separation

Malaria, a mosquito-borne deadly disease invades millions of lives yearly and consumes the socio and economic resources for drug invention and treatment. Besides early disease detection is hampered by limited resources and unavailability of portable detection system in rural areas. Hence the present...

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Main Author: Sivaraj, Lalitha
Format: Thesis
Language:English
Published: 2016
Online Access:http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/70410/1/FK%202016%2074%20IR.pdf
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/70410/
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spelling my.upm.eprints.704102019-08-21T01:57:25Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/70410/ Development of microweir structure by lithographic fabrication process for malaria cell separation Sivaraj, Lalitha Malaria, a mosquito-borne deadly disease invades millions of lives yearly and consumes the socio and economic resources for drug invention and treatment. Besides early disease detection is hampered by limited resources and unavailability of portable detection system in rural areas. Hence the present work concentrates on improving the available impedance based malaria detection system through red cell separation. To maximise the detection efficiency narrow microchannels are designed to suit the dimension of a single red blood cell (RBC) which demands white blood cell (WBC) separation. RBC separation is achieved in the present work using the passive and crossflow filtration by microweir components. It works based on the principle of laminar flow under different pressure gradients, creating the necessary suction force to drag the red cell to the appropriate location. It offers the benefits of easy fabrication, reproducibility and good cell separation with unaltered cell property. Therefore the development of microweir structure for malaria cell separation is been studied in this work to understand its efficiency and limitations. The key parameters influencing weir separation efficiency are including flow rate, channel length and channel width are derived through the numerical study. They are then optimized through simulation made on three dimensional models built in Comsol Multiphysics software. The simulation results are analysed using Anova test to find the significance among the different values being simulated for each parameter. Later the microweir separation chip is fabricated through the traditional ultraviolet (UV) lithographic process on the positive photoresist AZ1518. The experiment on separation is made on beads of sizes 2, 3 and 5 μm at three different flow rate values of 0.03ml/hr, 0.05 ml/hr and 0.07 ml/hr. The simulation results showed the buffer flow rate reduced to a tenth of particle flow rate, side channel length of 100 μm and side channel width of 40 μm produced higher bead count value at the secondary channel while reducing the value at primary channel. The simulation of different weir height could not be effectively analysed due to the limitations of the chosen study physics and simulation software used. The experiment and simulation results are then analysed using imageJ image processing software to calculate the bead count and velocity magnitude. The experiment result shows an efficient separation of 5 μm beads from the 2 μm and 3 μm beads qualitatively. The analysis of bead count at the secondary channel shows 45.6%, 34.2% and 16.7% separation efficiency and 113 μm/s, 168 μm/s and 350 μm/s as the average bead velocity at 0.03 ml/hr, 0.05ml/hr and 0.07 ml/hr respectively. Later the simulation bead count and velocity is compared with experimental result by running T-test on SPSS statistical software. The results show a P < 0.05, implying no significant differences between the experiment and simulation results. 2016-03 Thesis NonPeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/70410/1/FK%202016%2074%20IR.pdf Sivaraj, Lalitha (2016) Development of microweir structure by lithographic fabrication process for malaria cell separation. Masters thesis, Universiti Putra Malaysia.
institution Universiti Putra Malaysia
building UPM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Putra Malaysia
content_source UPM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://psasir.upm.edu.my/
language English
description Malaria, a mosquito-borne deadly disease invades millions of lives yearly and consumes the socio and economic resources for drug invention and treatment. Besides early disease detection is hampered by limited resources and unavailability of portable detection system in rural areas. Hence the present work concentrates on improving the available impedance based malaria detection system through red cell separation. To maximise the detection efficiency narrow microchannels are designed to suit the dimension of a single red blood cell (RBC) which demands white blood cell (WBC) separation. RBC separation is achieved in the present work using the passive and crossflow filtration by microweir components. It works based on the principle of laminar flow under different pressure gradients, creating the necessary suction force to drag the red cell to the appropriate location. It offers the benefits of easy fabrication, reproducibility and good cell separation with unaltered cell property. Therefore the development of microweir structure for malaria cell separation is been studied in this work to understand its efficiency and limitations. The key parameters influencing weir separation efficiency are including flow rate, channel length and channel width are derived through the numerical study. They are then optimized through simulation made on three dimensional models built in Comsol Multiphysics software. The simulation results are analysed using Anova test to find the significance among the different values being simulated for each parameter. Later the microweir separation chip is fabricated through the traditional ultraviolet (UV) lithographic process on the positive photoresist AZ1518. The experiment on separation is made on beads of sizes 2, 3 and 5 μm at three different flow rate values of 0.03ml/hr, 0.05 ml/hr and 0.07 ml/hr. The simulation results showed the buffer flow rate reduced to a tenth of particle flow rate, side channel length of 100 μm and side channel width of 40 μm produced higher bead count value at the secondary channel while reducing the value at primary channel. The simulation of different weir height could not be effectively analysed due to the limitations of the chosen study physics and simulation software used. The experiment and simulation results are then analysed using imageJ image processing software to calculate the bead count and velocity magnitude. The experiment result shows an efficient separation of 5 μm beads from the 2 μm and 3 μm beads qualitatively. The analysis of bead count at the secondary channel shows 45.6%, 34.2% and 16.7% separation efficiency and 113 μm/s, 168 μm/s and 350 μm/s as the average bead velocity at 0.03 ml/hr, 0.05ml/hr and 0.07 ml/hr respectively. Later the simulation bead count and velocity is compared with experimental result by running T-test on SPSS statistical software. The results show a P < 0.05, implying no significant differences between the experiment and simulation results.
format Thesis
author Sivaraj, Lalitha
spellingShingle Sivaraj, Lalitha
Development of microweir structure by lithographic fabrication process for malaria cell separation
author_facet Sivaraj, Lalitha
author_sort Sivaraj, Lalitha
title Development of microweir structure by lithographic fabrication process for malaria cell separation
title_short Development of microweir structure by lithographic fabrication process for malaria cell separation
title_full Development of microweir structure by lithographic fabrication process for malaria cell separation
title_fullStr Development of microweir structure by lithographic fabrication process for malaria cell separation
title_full_unstemmed Development of microweir structure by lithographic fabrication process for malaria cell separation
title_sort development of microweir structure by lithographic fabrication process for malaria cell separation
publishDate 2016
url http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/70410/1/FK%202016%2074%20IR.pdf
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/70410/
_version_ 1643839698763776000
score 13.211869

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